The Rose of Versailles

Infobox animanga/Header
name = The Rose of Versailles


caption = Oscar and Marie Antoinette
ja_name = ベルサイユのばら
ja_name_trans = Berusaiyu no Bara
genre = Historical, Drama, RomanceInfobox animanga/Manga
title = Berusaiyu no Bara
author = Riyoko Ikeda
publisher = flagicon|Japan Shueisha
publisher_other = flagicon|Spain Azake flagicon|South Korea Daiwon C.I. flagicon|France Kana flagicon|Germany Carlsen Verlag flagicon|USA Sanyusha (only first 2 volumes)
flagicon|Italy Panini Comics
demographic = Shōjo
magazine = flagicon|Japan Margaret flagicon|Spain Azake Ediciones flagicon|South Korea Daiwon C.I. flagicon|France shōjo Kana flagicon|Germany Carlsen Comics flagicon|USA Sanyusha (out print)
first = 1972
last = 1973
volumes = 10Infobox animanga/Anime
title =
director = Tadao Nagahama (1-18), Osamu Dezaki
studio = TMS
network = flagicon|Japan Animax, Nippon Television
first = 10 October 1979
last = 3 September 1980
episodes = 41
episode_list = List of Lady Oscar episodesInfobox animanga/Other
title = Movies
content =
* "Lady Oscar" (1979)
* "Inochi arukagiri aishite" (1987)
* "La Rose de Versailles (ベルサイユのばら)" (TBA) [cite web| url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=6438|title=La Rose de Versailles (Movie)|work=AnimeNewsNetwork.net|accessdate=2007-02-03]

nihongo|"The Rose of Versailles"|ベルサイユのばら|Berusaiyu no Bara, also known as 'Lady Oscar', is one of the best-known titles in shōjo and a media franchise created by Riyoko Ikeda. It has been adapted into several Takarazuka Revue musicals, as well an anime television series, produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and broadcast by the anime television network Animax and Nippon Television.

"The Rose of Versailles" focuses on Oscar François de Jarjayes, a girl raised as a man to become her father's successor as leader of the Palace Guards. A brilliant combatant with a strong sense of justice, Oscar is proud of the life she leads, but becomes torn between class loyalty and her desire to help the impoverished as revolution brews among the oppressed lower class. Also important to the story are her conflicting desires to live life as both a militiant and a regular woman as well as her relationships with Marie Antoinette, Count Axel von Fersen, and servant and best friend André Grandier.

It features yuri elements embodied in the relationship between Oscar and her protégée Rosalie Lamorlière, the secret daughter of the scheming Madame de Polignac, whose admiration for Oscar may be interpreted as either idol worship or romantic love coming from her possible bisexuality. Many of the court ladies also greatly adore Oscar, openly admiring her at parties and become very jealous when she brings female companions to them.Drazen, p. 93.]

tory

Plot

The setting is in France, before and during the French Revolution. In the early part of the series, the main character is the young, flighty Queen of France, Marie Antoinette, however later the focus of the story shifts to a woman named Oscar François de Jarjayes. Oscar's father, General Jarjayes, despaired over never getting a son (he had six daughters), and decided to raise his youngest daughter as a man. He trained her well in the arts of fencing, horsemanship, and medieval combat. Oscar often practiced her skills with her best friend, companion and (technically) servant, André Grandier, whom she almost always defeated. André was the grandson of her nanny and thus they spent most of their time together in harmonic friendship; near the end of the story, this blossomed into mutual love.

Oscar is the commander of the Royal Guard and responsible for the safety of Marie Antoinette, as well as the rest of the royal family. The story revolves around Oscar's growing realization of how France is governed, and the plight of the poor. Another important storyline is the love story between Marie Antoinette and the Swedish Count Axel von Fersen. The affair between the two was the subject of rumours through all of France, endangering the Queen's reputation and driving Oscar to request the Count to leave the country.

After the Count decided to leave and sign up for the war of independence in America, Marie Antoinette became lovesick. She began spending money in excess —expensive jewellery and clothes, attending balls every other night— to distract herself from pining for the only man she loved. This, in turn, weighed even heavier on the taxpayers of France, and even greater poverty spread throughout France due to Marie Antoinette's squandering of money. Both the Affair of the Diamond Necklace and the appearance of the infamous Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac are central plot events taken from history, as well as the French Revolution and the fall of the Bastille -- all given interesting interpretations through the fictional character Oscar and her companions.

On July 14 1789, the Taking of the Bastille, the crowds rebelled but lacked strategy, giving the military the advantage and making themselves easy target for cannon fire. However, Oscar and the regiment B then arrived to help organize the insurgents. During the following fierce battle, Oscar is shot and killed, but the Bastille eventually falls, symbolically striking down the French monarchy. After the Bastille is taken, the revolutionaries burst into the Palace searching for Marie Antoinette and her family. Many guards are killed and the royal family taken prisoner. Big trials were started for Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI, but finally, both were declared guilty and guillotined.

Characters

The series feature both fictitious and historical characters. Oscar François de Jarjayes is a woman raised as a man because of the desire of his father to have a son. She learned the arts of swordmanship, horseriding and use of firearms, alongside her friend, André Grandier. Oscar is a fictitious character, even though her father, General Renier de Jarjayes, was a real person.cite web| url=http://www.ex.org/4.3/36-manga_versailles.html | title= Rose of Versailles | last =Iwasa | first=Eric | work= [http://www.ex.org Ex.org] | accessdate=2008-02-16] cite web | url= http://pages.interlog.com/~dgsimmns/RoV/RoV.letter2.html | title= Second Letter from Riyoko Ikeda | last= Ikeda | first = Riyoko | authorlink= Riyoko Ikeda | month=February | year=1978 | accessdate=2008-02-16]

Adaptations

Manga

"The Rose of Versailles" is one of the most influential manga ever written.cite web| url=http://www.protoculture.ca/PA/RoV.htm | title= The Rose of Versailles: Overview | work= ProCulture.ca |accessdate=2008-02-16] The manga was serialized in Shueisha's Margaret Magazine in 1973, and became an instant success. It was published on 1982-05-24 and contains 10 volumes.

It has been turned into a play, an anime series, a live-action movie, and a ballet. The author, Riyoko Ikeda, is working on the libretto of an opera version of her story as well. The play adaptation of the manga is also the longest-running show by the Takarazuka Revue.

In 1981, the first two volumes of "The Rose of Versailles" were translated in English by Frederik L. Schodt for the purpose of teaching English to Japanese speakers and released in North America by the North American branch of Sanyusha. "The Rose of Versailles" was the first commercially translated manga to be available in North America.

Anime

In 1979, "The Rose of Versailles" was released in Japan as a 40 episode (and 1 recapitulation) animated television series, which ran from October 1979 to September 1980. Besides Japan, the series has also been broadcast in several other countries of Europe and Latin America under the title of "Lady Oscar".cite web|url=http://pages.interlog.com/~dgsimmns/RoV/RoV.mainpage.html| title= The Rose of Versailles - Presentations | accessdate=2008-02-16] The anime was directed by Tadao Nagahama (episodes 1-18) and Osamu Dezaki (episodes 19-40), who brought a cinematic approach to the serie. Shingo Araki was the animation director and co-character designer along with Akio Sugino and Michi Himeno. Koji Makaino was in charge of the soundtrack.

There is a less-known "sequel". It is known as "Eikou no Napoleon" or "The Glory of Napoleon." It has a few of the original characters and is mostly about the Empire of Napoleon I of France.

oundtracks

;Bara Wa Utsukushiku Chiru

;Ai No hikari To Kage

Movies

"Lady Oscar" is a 1979 film, written (screenplay) and directed Jacques Demy, with music composed by Michel Legrand. Lady Oscar is a French-Japanese co-production, and was shot in France.

"Inochi arukagiri aishite" is a 1987 film that summarizes the whole anime.

"La Rose de Versailles" will be the next movie based on this manga/anime, and will be produced by Toei Animation.

Musicals

"Rose of Versailles" has also being dramatized for Takarazuka Revue by Shinji Ueda . The show's role in Takarazuka history is particularly notable as it established the "Top Star" system that remains in place to this day. "Rose of Versailles" also triggered a large surge in the revue's popularity,Brau. " [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1054-2043%28199024%2934%3A4%3C79%3ATWTOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D The Women’s Theatre of Takarazuka.] " TDR 34.4 :79-95.] commonly referred to as the Nihongo|"BeruBara Boom"|ベルバラブーム|Berubara Buumu.

From 1974 to 1976, all four Takarazuka troupes staged "The Rose of Versailles", drawing a total audience of 1.6 million. In 1989, it was restaged drawing an audience of 2.1 million. [Cavaye, p. 246.] The most recent shows will be the upcoming gaiden adaptations to be performed in mid-to-late 2008 by Snow troupe (led by Natsuki Mizu), Flower Troupe (led by Sei Matobu) and Star Troupe (led by Kei Aran). The scenarios for these new side-story adaptations were developed by Riyoko Ikeda specifically for the Revue. [ [http://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/news/detail/6856beada15196fad01d683184920bd4.html 2008 Performance Lineup: May-June Snow Troupe, September-October Flower Troupe, November-December Star Troupe] , "Official Takarazuka Revue Website", January 18 2008. Accessed January 18 2008. (Japanese)]

Reception

Rose of Versailles is currently 14th on the list of all-time best-selling shōjo manga, having sold a grand total of 15 million volumes worldwidecite web| url=http://comipress.com/news/2006/09/27/796 | title=Learn French with "The Rose of Versailles" | work= [http://comipress.com Comipress.com] | date=2006-09-27 | accessdate=2008-02-16 ] and 12 million in Japan only. [Gravett, p. 87.] In terms of circulation per volume, it is in fourth place with an average of 1,500,000 sales per volume. It is not well-known in North America due to its age and lack of publicity, but remains a treasured classic in Japanese manga. The anime was ranked in the top 50 of a list of favourite anime series in 2005. [ [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-09-23/tv-asahi-top-100-anime TV Asahi Top 100 Anime] ] So far, the manga and anime have been translated into Arabic, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Indonesian and Chinese.

Rose of Versailles is famous for having the first "bed scene" in manga, [McLelland, Mark (2000) " Male Homosexuality in Modern Japan: Cultural Myths and Social Realities, page 74 Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press ISBN 0700714251] although the adaptation of this scene to the anime has been criticised by fans. [Thorn, Matt, (1997) [http://www.matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/jaws/index.php What Japanese Girls Do With Manga, and Why] ]

Notes

:I. Note_label|1|I|none The titles of these volumes change on the 1994 re-editions.

References

;Books
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Further reading

*Buruma, Ian (1983) 'Behind the Mask: On Sexual Demons, Sacred Mothers, Transvestites, Gangsters, Drifters, and Other Japanese Cultural Heroes"
*cite book |last=Shamoon |first=Deborah |editor=Lunning, Frenchy |title=Networks of Desire |series=Mechademia |url=http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/lunning_mechademia2.html |volume=2 |date=2007 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-5266-2 |chapter=Revolutionary Romance: "The Rose of Versailles" and the Transformation of Shōjo Manga
*"Protoculture Addicts" issue 45, pages 17-27, May-June 1997.

External links

* [http://www.ladyoscar.co.nr/ Lady Oscar Multimedia site]
* [http://www.ikeda-riyoko-pro.com/ Riyoko Ikeda's Official Site]
* [http://riyokoikeda.altervista.org/Main.htm/ Riyoko Ikeda's Fan Site]
* [http://www.larosadiversailles.com/ Riyoko Ikeda: The Rose of Versailles & other works]
* [http://www.ladyoscar.com/ Lady Oscar Fan Forum]
* [http://www.acesquad.com/glory/ Glory! A Berusaiyu no Bara compendium]
* [http://www.interlog.com/~dgsimmns/RoV/RoV.html The Rose of Versailles]
* [http://www.oscardejarjayes.com Oscar de Jarjayes, French site about the Rose of Versailles and the French Revolution]
* [http://www.roseofversailles.com Rose of Versailles.com webpage and Forum]
*it icon [http://www.terrediconfine.eu/Default.aspx?tabid=608 Lady Oscar (Anime Mundi)] , detalied production information