Hyangga

Hyangga

Infobox Korean name
hangul=향가
hanja=linktext|鄕|歌
rr=hyangga
mr=hyangga

"Hyangga" were poems written in the native writing system, composed in the Three Kingdoms, Unified Silla and early Goryeo periods of Korean history. Only a few have survived. The total number of extant "hyangga" ranges between 25 and 27, depending on whether certain "hyangga" are regarded as authentic or not.

Features

The "hyangga" were written in using Chinese characters in a system known as "hyangchal". They are believed to have been first written down in the Goryeo period, as the style was already beginning to fade. 14 "hyangga" are recorded in the "Samguk Yusa", and 11 in the "Gyunyeojeon".

The name "hyangga" is formed from the character for "back-country" or "rural village" (used by Silla people in describing their nation) and the character for "song." These poems are accordingly also sometimes known as "Silla songs."

"Hyangga" are characterized by a number of formal rules. The poems may consist of four, eight or ten lines. The ten-line poems are the most developed, structured into three sections with four, four, and two lines respectively. Many of the ten-line poems were written by Buddhist monks, thus Buddhist themes predominate the poems.

Another dominant theme was "death". Many of the poems are eulogies to monks, to warriors, and to family members -- in one case, a sister. The Silla period, especially before unification in 668 was a time of warfare and the "hyangga" capture the sorrow of mourning for the dead while Buddhism provided answers about where the dead go and the afterlife.

Example

A typical hyangga is "the Ode for Life Eternal", or perhaps, "the Ode for Nirvana". The poem is a song that calls upon the moon to convey the supplicant's prayer to the Western paradise, the home of Amita (or Amitabha - the Buddha of the Western paradise). The poem's authorship is somewhat unclear; it was either written by a monk named Gwangdeok (hangul:광덕 hanja:) or, one source says, the monk's wife. [ko icon [http://www.lifewater.co.kr/poempic/kor-poem/koldpom1/hyangga/hyangga.html Several examples of "Hwangga"] ]

ee also

*Sijo
*Gasa (poetry)
*Korean literature

References

External links


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