Ippolito d'Este

Ippolito (I) d'Este (March 20, 1479 – September 3, 1520) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. He was a member of the House of Este.

Biography

Born in Ferrara, he was the son of Duke Ercole I d'Este and Eleonore of Aragon and was immediately educated for the ecclesiastical career. In 1485, at the age of six, he was already at the head of an abbacy and two years later, thanks to his aunt Beatrix of Aragon who had married King Matthias Corvinus, he obtained the archbishopric of Esztergom in Hungary. The latter election was not confirmed by Pope Innocent VIII until he was eighteen; in the meantime Ippolito studied for seven years at the Hungarian court.

After Matthias' death, he travelled frequently to Italy. During one of these trips, he was created cardinal by Alexander VI, on September 20, 1493. Three years later he returned to Italy to escape the plague that was striking Hungary, and, after his arrive in Rome with a follow of 250 people, he officially receive the cardinalate on january 8, 1493. From the tax reports of the Curia for the year 1500, he was the fifth richest member. His influenced grew further when his brother Alfonso married to Lucrezia Borgia, Alexander VI's daughter, which granted him the title of "archipresbyter" of St. Peter's. He remained in Rome until February 15, 1503, and later his relationships with the pope deteriorated due to Ercole's philo-French maneouvers.

After Alexander's death, Pius III appointed him as bishop of Ferrara, but Ippolito was again at short terms with his successor Julius II, and in 1507 he left the Curia. However, the following year Julius praised him for his conduct in the Bentivoglio plot. In 1509 he successfully led a military contingent to regain the Polesine territories that the Este had lost in the war with Venice in 1484, wining the decisive battle of Polesella. On July 27 the pope recalled him to Rome, but, feeling his life was unsafe, Ippolito fled to Hungary.

On May 16, 1511 he was among the cardinals who signed the appeal to the pope to speak at the schismatic Council of Pisa. However, later his brother Alfonso convinced him to abandon the schism, and the pope authorized him to return to Ferrara. In 1513 Ippolito moved again to Hungary but, when in his absence Leo X Medici was elected pope, he returned again to his native city. On April 22, 1514 he and his family were pardoned for all their past anti-papal acts.

In 1519 he left the archbishopric of Milan to his nephew Ippolito II d'Este.

He was a famous patron of the arts. Among his protegée were the poet Ludovico Ariosto and architect Biagio Rossetti.

He died in Ferrara during his last return to Italy, for an indigestion of lobsters. He was buried in the Cathedral of Ferrara. His estate, inherited by Alfonso I, amounted to some 200,000 "ducati". Ippolito had two illegitimate children.