Earl Caldwell (journalist)

Earl Caldwell (born c. 1935) was a journalist who documented the Black Panthers from the inside in the 1970s, and became embroiled in a key Supreme Court decision clarifying reporters' rights. The case started when the FBI tried to press Caldwell to be an informant against the Black Panther Party. He worked for "The New York Times", "New York Daily News", "The New York Amsterdam News" and is currently on the radio in New York. His career as a journalist spans more than four decades. He is also a founding member of the steering committee of the Maynard Institute for Journalism Education, as well as the Washington-based Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. Caldwell is a nationally renowned journalist who has witnessed and chronicled some of the most important civil rights events of the past 40 years and was the only reporter present when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. As a writer-in-residence, Caldwell is writing "The Caldwell Journals," a serialized account of the black journalist movement spawned by the 1960s civil rights movement. Caldwell previously served as the Scripps Howard Endowed Chair at HU.

Caldwell is writer-in-residence at the Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education in Oakland, Calif., where he is writing “The Caldwell Journals,” a serialized account of the black journalist movement spawned by the 1960s civil rights movement. The enterprising journalist rose to fame while a reporter at The New York Times when he refused to disclose information to the FBI and the Nixon Administration involving his sources in the Black Panther party. The case, United States v. Caldwell, reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 1972 when the court ruled against him. The “Caldwell Case” led to the enactment of shield laws in many states that allow reporters to protect sources and information.

Caldwell started his career at The Progress in Clearfield, Pa., and went on to work for the Intelligencer-Journal in Lancaster, Pa; the Democrat and The Chronicle in Rochester, N.Y. In addition to his work at The New York Times, he worked for The New York Daily News.

In addition to teaching, he has organized efforts to videotape/audiotape African-American journalists selected for an oral history collection.

Career highlights

* He was the lone reporter to witness the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis in April 1968.
* As a "New York Times" reporter, he went coast-to-coast to cover the riots that swept black America in the summers of 1967 and 1968.
* He was a reporter on the streets of Chicago in 1968, covering the riots as the police challenged demonstrators during the Democratic National Convention.
* He covered the trial of Angela Davis, the controvertial black scholar accused of a central role in the murder of a Marin County, California, judge during an escape attempt from San Quentin Prison.
* He spent months in Atlanta covering the child murders and the subsequent trial of convicted killer Wayne Williams.
* He traveled the campaign trail with the Rev. Jesse Jackson during his historic run for the presidency in 1984.
* In Africa, he covered the fall of the white regime and election of the first black government in Zimbabwe.
* In New York City, Caldwell broke a barrier in 1979 in becoming the first black journalist to write a regular column in a major daily newspaper "Daily News". Three years before the Abner Louima incident, back in April 1994, he reported the story of six Haitian cab drivers (all men) who came forward after being raped and sodomized by a police officer. The officer used his service revolver, uniform, and the police van to carry out these despicable acts. The city did nothing, and to keep Earl Caldwell quiet, he was fired from the "News", and essentially barred from large mainstream press.

upreme Court

The central case in the United States Supreme Court's defining of reporter’s rights was the "United States v. Caldwell" in 1972. This was based on Caldwell, then with "The New York Times", refusal to appear before a Federal grand jury and disclose confidential information involving his sources in the Black Panther Party. In a historic ruling, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit supported Caldwell’s position. Later on, however, that decision was reversed. However, in an apparent conflict of interest, the deciding vote was cast by then Associate Justice William Rehnquist, who, as a U.S. Justice Department lawyer, had been intimately involved in the Caldwell case.

Current activities

"The Caldwell Chronicle" radio program (Friday 3-5 p.m.) originates at WBAI (99.5 FM), the Pacifica radio outlet in New York, and can be heard live over the Internet (www.wbai.org).
Writer-in-Residence at Hampton University, VA in addition to teaching, he has organized efforts to videotape/audiotape African-American journalists selected for an oral history collection.

References

* Terry, Wallace. "Missing Pages: Black Journalists of Modern America: An Oral History" (2007) Carroll & Graf
* Moore, Jimmy Lee. "Democracy, Race, and Privacy: The Hypocritical Failures of the United States"

External links

* [http://www.maynardije.org/news/features/caldwell/Biography-EarlCaldwell/ Earl Caldwell biography] at the Maynard Institute
* [http://www.reportingcivilrights.org/authors/bio.jsp?authorId=97 Biography] at reportingcivilrights.org
* http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/3/00.03.04.x.html