Adelphi Theatre

Infobox Theatre
name = Adelphi Theatre


caption = The Adelphi Theatre in 2007, with Joseph logos
address = Strand
city = Westminster, London
country =
designation = Grade II
latitude = 51.510063
longitude = -0.122900
architect = John and Jane Scott
owner = Adelphi Theatre Company Limited
capacity = 1500 seated
type = West End theatre
opened = 1806
yearsactive =
rebuilt = 1840 Samuel Beazley (new facade) 1858 T.H. Wyatt and Stephen Salter 1901 Ernest Runtz 1930 Ernest Schaufelberg
closed =
othernames = 1806 Sans Pareil 1844 Adelphi 1858 New Adelphi 1901 Century Theatre 1930 Royal Adelphi
production = Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
currentuse =
website = www.rutheatres.com/venueinfo/ade.htm

The Adelphi Theatre is a 1500-seat West End theatre, located on the Strand in the City of Westminster. The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, today it is a "receiving house" for a variety of productions, including many musicals. The theatre was Grade II listed on December 1, 1987. [ [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=428224 Adelphi Theatre - English Heritage Listing] access 3 Apr 07]

History

19th century

It was founded in 1806 as the Sans Pareil ("Without Compare"), by merchant John Scott, and his daughter Jane (1770–1839). Jane was a British theatre manager, performer, and playwright. Together, they gathered a theatrical company and by 1809 the theatre was licensed for musical entertainments, pantomime, and burletta. She wrote more than fifty stage pieces in an array of genres: melodramas, pantomimes, farces, comic operettas, historical dramas, and adaptations, as well as translations. Jane Scott retired to Surrey in 1819, marrying John Davies Middleton (1790–1867). [ [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/59171 Bratton, Jacky: "Scott , Jane Margaret (bap. 1779, d. 1839)" {Oxford Dictionary of National Biography)" Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, (2004)] accessed 24 May 2007]

opposite. [http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html Victorian Web - Victorian Theatres] accessed 5 Mar 2007] [ [http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/essays/eberlesinatra_whackham.html Editorial Note] by Michael Eberle-Sinatra. "British Women Playwrights around 1800" (15 October 1998)] In its early years, the theatre was known for melodrama, called "Adelphi Screamers". Many stories by Charles Dickens were also adapted for the stage here, including John Baldwin Buckstone's "The Christening", a comic burletta, which opened on October 13, 1834, based on the story "The Bloomsbury Christening". This is notable for being thought the first Dickens adaption performed. This was the first of many of Dickens's early works adapted for the stage of the Adelphi, including "The Pickwick Papers" as W. L. Rede's "The Peregrinations of Pickwick"; or, "Boz-i- a-na", a three-act burletta first performed on April 3, 1837, Frederick Henry Yates's production of "Nicholas Nickleby"; or, "Doings at Do-The-Boys Hall" in November and December 1838, and Edward Stirling's two-act burletta "The Old Curiosity Shop"; or, "One Hour from Humphrey's Clock" (November and December 1840, January 1841). The theatre itself, makes a cameo appearance in "The Pickwick Papers" [The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens (1836) Chapt. 31]

The Adelphi came under the management of Madame Celeste and comedian Ben Webster, in 1844, and Buckstone was appointed its resident dramatist. Dramatisations of Dickens continued to be performed, including "A Christmas Carol"; or, "Past, Present, and Future" opening on February 5th; and Beckett's "The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that rang an Old Year out and a New One In". In 1848, "The Haunted Man and the Ghost’s Bargain" was performed.

The old theatre was demolished, and on December 26 1858, "The New Adelphi" was opened and was considered an improvement on the cramped circumstances of the original, which had been described as a "hasty conversion from a tavern hall, permanently kept in its provisional state". The new theatre could seat 1,500 people, with standing room for another 500. The interior was lighted by a "Stroud's Patent Sun Lamp", a brilliant array of gas mantles passed through a chandelier of cut-glass.

In the mid-1800s, John Lawrence Toole established his comedic reputation at the Adelphi. Also in the mid-1800s, the Adelphi hosted a number of French operettas, including "La belle Hélène". In 1867, however, the Adelphi gave English comic opera a boost by hosting the first public performance of Arthur Sullivan's first opera, "Cox and Box".

An actor who performed regularly at the Adelphi in the latter half of the nineteenth century, William Terriss, was stabbed to death on December 16 1897, as recorded on a plaque on the wall by the stage door. Outside a neighbouring pub, a sign says that the killer was one of the theatre's stage hands, but Richard Archer Prince committed the murder. It has been said that Terriss' ghost haunts the theatre. Terriss' daughter was Ellaline Terriss, a famous actress, and her husband, actor-manager Seymour Hicks managed the Adelphi for some years at the end of the 19th century.

20th century

On September 11 1901, the third theatre was opened as the "Century Theatre", although the name reverted in 1904. This theatre was built by Frank Kirk to the design of Ernest Runtz. George Edwardes, the dean of London musical theatre, took over management of the theatre in 1908. In the early part of the 20th century, the Adelphi was home to a number of musical comedies, the most successful of which included "The Earl and the Girl" (1904), "The Dairymaids" (1907), "The Quaker Girl" (1910), "The Boy" (1917), "Clowns in Clover" (1927), and "Mr. Cinders" (1929).

The present Adelphi opened on December 3 1930, redesigned in the Art Deco style by Ernest Schaufelberg. It was named the 'Royal Adelphi Theatre' and re-opened with the hit musical "Ever Green", by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rodgers, based on the book Benn W. Levy. The operetta "Balalaika" (a revised version of the "The Gay Hussars") played at the theatre in 1936, and in 1940 the theatre's name again reverted to 'The Adelphi'. The theatre continued to host comedy and musicals, including "Bless The Bride" (1947), "Maggie May" (1964), and "A Little Night Music" (1975), as well as dramas (see below for a list beginning in 1979).

A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville, Garrick, Lyceum and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians' Union, and theatre owners under the auspices of the "Save London Theatres Campaign" led to the abandonment of the scheme. [http://www.vaudevilletheatre.org.uk/ Vaudeville Theatre] accessed 28 Mar 2007]

In 1993, Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group purchased the theatre and completely refurbished it prior to the opening of his adaptation of "Sunset Boulevard". The 1998 video of Lloyd Webber's musical "Cats" was filmed at the theatre.

21st century

In November 1997, the Adelphi became home to the London production of the popular American musical "Chicago", which became the venue's longest ever running production during its eight-and-a-half year run, which also made it the longest running American musical in West End history. In April 2006, "Chicago" transferred to the Cambridge Theatre on Seven Dials where it continues to run.

Michael Grandage's brand new production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Evita" replaced the show, beginning previews on June 2, 2006 before completing a twelve month run on May 26, 2007.

Brian Wilson performed his album "Pet Sounds" for the last time in the UK at the Adelphi in November 2006.

From July 6, 2007, the Adelphi will be home to another Lloyd Webber revival, "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat". The actor playing Joseph, Lee Mead, was cast by the BBC television show "Any Dream Will Do", and will star alongside Preeya Kalidas and Dean Collinson.

The theatre is currently owned and managed by the Adelphi Theatre Company Limited, a partnership between Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group and Nederlander International.

The adjacent, numbers 409 and 410 Strand, were built in 1886-7 by the Gatti Brothers as the Adelphi Restaurant. The frontage remains essentially the same, but with plate glass windows, and, like the theatre, is a Grade II listed building. [ [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=428223 Adelphi Theatre Restaurant - English Heritage Listing] access 3 Apr 07]

Recent and present productions

*"My Fair Lady" (October 25, 1979 - October 31, 1981)
*The 1981-82 D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Season (November 11, 1981 - February 27, 1982)
*"The American Dream Machine" (October 20, 1982 - December 1, 1982)
*"Marilyn"" (March 17, 1983 - July 30, 1983)
*"Poppy" (November 12, 1983 - February 4, 1984)
*"Lena Horne - The Lady and Her Music" (August 6, 1984 - September 29, 1984)
*"The Jungle Book" (December 4, 1984 - January 12, 1985)
*"Me and My Girl" (February 12, 1985 - January 16, 1993)
*"Sunset Boulevard" (July 12, 1993 - April 1997)
*"Damn Yankees" (June 4, 1997 - August 9, 1997)
*"Chicago" (November 19, 1997 - April 22, 2006), starring (at different times) Ruthie Henshall, Ute Lemper, Jill Halfpenny, Denise van Outen, Brooke Shields, Linzi Hateley, Bonnie Langford, Jennifer Ellison, Josefina Gabrielle, Nigel Planer, Kevin Kennedy, Clive Rowe, David Hasselhoff, John Barrowman, Anita Dobson, Alison Moyet and Gaby Roslin
*"Evita" (June 20, 2006 - May 26, 2007) by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, starring Elena Roger, Philip Quast and Matt Rawle
*"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" (July 6, 2007 - ) by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, starring Lee Mead, Preeya Kalidas and Dean Collinson

Nearby Tube Stations

* Charing Cross
* Embankment
* Covent Garden

References

Bibliography

* [http://www.emich.edu/public/english/adelphi_calendar/acpmain.htm Nelson, Alfred and Cross, Gilbert. "The Adelphi Theatre 1806-1900: A Calendar of Performances"]
* "Guide to British Theatres 1750-1950", John Earl and Michael Sell pp. 96-7 (Theatres Trust, 2000) ISBN 0-7136-5688-3

External links

* [http://www.rutheatres.com/venueinfo/ade.htm Adelphi Theatre website]
* [http://www.emich.edu/public/english/adelphi_calendar/ The Adelphi Theatre 1806-1900: A Calendar of Performances] , from an Eastern Michigan University website
* [http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Adelphi.htm Adelphi Theatre History]
* [http://www.btinternet.com/~judyin.london/overmyshoulder/ever.htm Information about "Ever Green" and the 1930 re-opening of the theatre]