Leonello Spada

Leonello Spada (1576 - May 17, 1622) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Rome and his native city of Bologna, where he became known as one of the followers of Caravaggio. He is also called "Lionello Spada".

Biography

He first apprenticed with painter Cesare Baglioni. By the early 1600s, Spada was active, together with Girolamo Curti, as a member of a team specializing in decorative quadratura painting in Bologna [ [http://www.jstor.org/view/00076287/ap020328/02a00030/2?frame=noframe&userID=[e-mail]/01cce4405f00501b04906&dpi=3&config=jstor] ] . His early independent canvases reflect a mannerist style akin to the Bolognese Denis Calvaert. In 1604 he made an unsuccessful bid for the commission to decorate the sacristy of the Basilica di Loreto. By then he had already gravitated to the Carracci Academy, having contributed to the decorations for the funeral of Agostino Carracci in 1603. His earliest surviving major painting, the altarpiece of the "Virgin and Saints Dominic & Francis Interceding with Christ" (1604), shows that he had modeled his style on that of Ludovico Carracci. He frequently collaborated with other students of Ludovico, especially Francesco Brizio and remained in Bologna until 1607. Spada’s figurative style gradually became more robust, as shown by the "Miraculous Draught of Fishes" (1607).

Relationship to Caravaggio

Whether Spada either met or became an assistant of Caravaggio, like Manfredi, is unclear. The biographer Malvasia makes plain in his "Felsina pittrice" his distaste for Caravaggio, and apparently describes Spada and Caravaggio as equally "dissolute" and "precipitous"; and there are suggestions that for Caravaggio, Spada was a man "close to his heart", and perhaps not metaphorically [ [http://www.jstor.org/view/00043079/sp040007/04x0132b/9?frame=noframe&userID=[e-mail]/01cce4405f00501b04906&dpi=3&config=jstor] ] .Malvasia also tells the story of Spada posing for Caravaggio's ‘’Death of John the Baptist’’: afraid that Spada might flee and, that without a model the painting would be incomplete, Caravaggio imprisoned him in a room until he had finished. However, it is unclear if Spada ever physically encountered Caravaggio in Rome. Spada supposedly was in Rome after 1608-9, when Caravaggio had fled to Malta. Malvasia suggests the Spada followed Caravaggio to Malta. This is possible since Spada himself painted frescoes in the Magisterial palace of Valleta in 1609-1610; but Caravaggio again had fled to Sicily by 1608, thus their overlap in Malta must have been short. The dark violence of a painting such as the "Cain Killing Abel" (Museo di Capodimonte) and his derivative realism "Musical Concert" garnered him in Bologna, the maligning appellation of "scimmia del Caravaggio" (ape of Caravaggio) [ [ Wittkower p94] ] .

But this, as much of Spada’s output, may not reflect a gathered flame of inspiration but a pale reflection, a mimicry of the harsh passion, which when linked to his Carraci upbringing leds to a weakened pastiche. Leonello Spada is known to have made many copies of other painters.

He painted a large canvas for the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna, depicting "St Dominic Burning the Books of the Heretics", (1616). The Ghiara frescoes are perhaps his masterpiece and demonstrate a return to Carraccian models. Other works of this fruitful period include the "Return of the Prodigal Son" and "Aeneas and Anchises" (both at Louvre).

In 1617, he was commissioned by Duke Ranuccio I (Farnese) to decorate the newly built Teatro Farnese for Parma. His ‘’Mystic Marriage of St Catherine’ (1621; Parma, San Sepolcro) is a late painting.

Partial anthology

*"Aeneas and Anchises" (1615, Louvre)
*"Saint Jerome" (attributed once to Giuseppe Ribera, 1618, Museo Arte Antica, Rome) [http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/art/art4may/art0517.html]
*"Abraham and Melchizedek" [http://www.pinacotecabologna.it/collezione/ricerca/collRicerca2.php?autore_search=124&secolo_search=1600]
*"Return of Prodigal Son" (after 1615, Louvre)
*"A Soldier", (attributed 1600-1625, Philbrook Museum, Kansas City)

ources

* [http://www.groveart.com/shared/views/article.html?section=art.080250&authstatuscode=200| Grove art encyclopedia entry.]
*cite book | first= Rudolf|last= Wittkower| year=1993| title= Art and Architecture Italy, 1600-1750| chapter= | editor= Pelican History of Art | others=1980 | pages= pp92, 94-95 | publisher= Penguin Books Ltd| id= | url= | authorlink=

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