Exotic baryon

Exotic baryons are which are bound states of 3 quarks and additional elementary particles. This is to be contrasted with ordinary baryons, which are bound states of just 3 quarks. The additional particles may include quarks, antiquarks or gluons.

One such exotic baryon is the pentaquark, which consists of four quarks and an antiquarkref|diakonov. Another exotic baryon which consists only of quarks is the H dibaryonref|far1ref|jaffe, which consists of two up quarks, two down quarks and two strange quarks. Unlike the pentaquark, this particle might be long lived or even stable. There have been unconfirmed claims of detections of pentaquarks and dibaryons ref|dzierbaref|Belz.

Several types of exotic baryons which require physics beyond the Standard Model have been conjectured in order to explain specific experimental anomalies. There is no independent experimental evidence for any of these particles. One example is supersymmetric R-baryonsref|far2, which are bound states of 3 quarks and a gluino. The lightest R-baryon is denoted as $mbox\{S\}^\{0\}$ and consists of an up quark, a down quark, a strange quark and a gluino. This particle is expected to be long lived or stable and has been invoked to explain ultrahigh-energy cosmic raysref|chung ref|alb. Stable exotic baryons are also candidates for strongly interacting dark matter.

References

# D. Diakonov, V. Petrov, M. Polyakov, [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9703373 Exotic Anti-Decuplet of Baryons: Prediction from Chiral Solitons] Z.Phys. A359 (1997) 305-314 "We predict an exotic Z⁺ baryon..."
# G. R. Farrar and G. Zaharijas, "Nuclear and nucleon transitions of the H di-baryon", Phys. Rev. D 70, 014008 (2004) [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0308137 preprint] .
# R. Jaffe, "Perhaps a stable dihyperon...", Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 195 (1977).
# A. R. Dzierba, C. A. Meyer), and A. P. Szczepaniak, "Reviewing the Evidence for Pentaquarks", J.Phys.Conf.Ser. 9 (2005) 192-204 "...the experimental evidence for pentaquarks is very weak."
# J. Belz et al. (BNL E888 Collaboration} [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/9603002 Search for the Weak Decay of an H Dibaryon] (1997) "Our search has yielded two candidate events..."
# G. R. Farrar, "Detecting Gluino-Containing Hadrons", Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4111 (1996) [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9603271 preprint] .
# D. Chung, G. R. Farrar and E. W. Kolb, "Are ultrahigh energy cosmic rays signals of supersymmetry?", Phys. Rev. D 57, 4606 (1998) [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9707036 preprint] .
#I. F. M. Albuquerque, G. Farrar and E. W. Kolb, "Exotic massive hadrons and ultra-high energy cosmic rays", Phys. Rev. D 59, 015021 (1999) [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9805288 preprint] .
#Robert G. Resnick, "Exotic Baryons," The American Journal of Physics, Vol. 2 p.34-65. [http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:ehJTCE2HVd0J:www.webupon.com/Services/Bypassing-Internet-Censorship.60136+use+internet+at+work+censorship&hl=en&gl=us&strip=1] (See also [https://www.leafdrink.com/dahr.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mYWNlYm9vay5jb20v&hl=3ed] and [https://www.leafdrink.com/cgi-bin/index.cgi] )