- Luoyang dialect
The Luoyang Dialect is a dialect of
Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken inLuoyang and nearby parts of Henan province. Although it served as theprestige dialect of Chinese from theWarring States Period into theMing Dynasty , it differs greatly from modernStandard Mandarin , which is based instead on theBeijing dialect .Phonology
Initials
Finals
Features
*The Middle Chinese
entering tone has a different distribution in the Luoyang Dialect than in Standard Mandarin. (Seeentering tone for more.)
*Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin.
*The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives are often fronted to alveolar fricatives.
*The distinction between IPA|/w/ and IPA|/v/, lost in Standard Mandarin, is maintained.
*The retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly more forward.
*The alveolo-palatal series is slightly more backward than in Standard Mandarin.
*Final IPA|/œ/ and IPA|/ɑu/ in Standard Mandarin are often reared to IPA|/ɔ/. For example, 学 (Standard Mandarin IPA|/ɕɥœ/, "to learn") is IPA|/ɕɥɔ/, and 角 (Standard Mandarin IPA|/tɕjɑu/, "horn") is IPA|/tɕɥɔ/.
*Final IPA|/əi/ in Standard Mandarin is pronounced as IPA| [ɯ] or IPA| [i] in certain environments.
*Standard Mandarin final IPA|/n/ nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect.
*The -儿 suffix represents IPA|/ɯ/.
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