- Sir Archibald Douglas
Sir Archibald Douglas (The Tyneman- Old Scots "Loser") (before 1298 –
19 July 1333 ) was a Scottish noble,Guardian of Scotland and military leader.Early life
The younger son of Sir William "le Hardi" Douglas, the Governor of the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and his wife Eleanor de Lovaine. Douglas was also half-brother of "the Good"
Sir James Douglas , King Robert the Bruce's deputy.Douglas is first heard of in 1320 when he received a charter of land at
Morebattle inRoxburghshire andKirkandrews inDumfriesshire from King Robert. In 1324 he was recorded as being granted the lands of Rattray andCrimond inBuchan , and the lands of Conveth,Kincardineshire , already being possession ofCavers in Roxburghshire,Drumlanrig andTerregles in Dumfriesshire, and the lands ofWest Calder inMidlothian . By the time of his death he was also in possession ofLiddesdale . ["Scot's Peerage" Vol. IV p. 141]History then keeps quiet about Douglas except whilst serving under his older brother James in the 1327 campaign in
Weardale , where his foragers "auoint curry apoi tot levesche de Doresme"- overran nearly all the Bishopric of Durham. "(Scalacronica )"econd War of Independence
Following the death of King Robert I and his brother's crusade with the dead king's heart, Douglas once again becomes of note. He was made guardian of the kingdom since he was "the principal adviser in...the confounding of the king" as much as he was heir to his brothers influence after Murray's capture. Archibald's success in local raids though, did not prepare him for full scale conflict.
During the
Second War of Scottish Independence ,Edward Baliol , son of KingJohn of Scotland , had invaded Scotland with the backing ofEdward III of England , inflicting a defeat on the Scots at theBattle of Dupplin Moor . Douglas served under the dubious leadership ofPatrick V, Earl of Dunbar leader of the second army that aimed to crush the smaller Balliol force. Following the rout of the Earl of Mar's force Dunbar did not engage the disinherited but retreated allowing Edward Balliol to be crowned at Scone. Following this battle, and as a sweetener to the English, Edward Baliol agreed to cede the county, town and castle of Berwick to England in perpetuity. However Douglas led a Bruce loyalist defeat on Balliol at theBattle of Annan , forcing him to flee back to England.Battle of Halidon Hill
Edward III himself came north to command his army, and laid siege to Berwick. However, a temporary truce was declared with the stipulation that if not relieved within a set time,
Sir Alexander Seton , the governor, would deliver the castle to the English. Douglas raised an army to relieve the beleaguered defenders of Berwick. As a feint to draw the English away he invaded Northumberland, but was forced to return to Berwick when the English refused to be lured. On19 July , Edward's army took positions at the summit of Halidon Hill, a summit some mile and a half north of the town with commanding views of the surrounding country. Douglas' numerically superior force was compelled to attack up the slope and were slaughtered by the English archers, a prelude, perhaps, to the battles ofCrécy andAgincourt . The English won the field with little loss of life, however by the close of the fight, countless Scots common soldiery, five Scots Earls and the Guardian Douglas lay dead. The following day Berwick capitulated.Archibald was succeeded by his son,
William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas .Marriage and issue
Sir Archibald Douglas married Beatrice Lindsay, daughter of Sir Alexander Lindsay of Crawford, an ancestor of the Earls of Crawford. They had three children. [Maxwell, p.75]
*John Douglas (d.b. 1342 in the retinue of
David II of Scotland in France)
*William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas
*Eleanor Douglas married five times
#Alexander, Earl of Carrick , natural son ofEdward Bruce , King of Ireland (k.1333,Battle of Halidon Hill )
#Sir James de Sandilands, ancestor of the Lords of Torphichen (d.b. 1358)
#Sir William Tours of Dalry (d.b.1368)
#Sir Duncan Wallace of Sundrum (d.b. 1376)
#Sir Patrick Hepburn of Hailes, ancestor of the Earls of BothwellNotes
References
*Balfour Paul, Sir James. "The Scots Peerage IX vols." Edinburgh. 1907
*Maxwell, Sir Herbert. "A History of the House of Douglas Vol. I". Fremantle, London. 1902
*Brown Michael. "The Black Douglases, War & Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland". Tuckwell Press, East Linton. 1998
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=the Tyneman
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