Topic outline of nutrition

:"For a more comprehensive list, see the List of nutrition topics."

Nutrition or nutrition science studies the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. The scope of nutrition science ranges from malnutrition to optimal health. Many common symptoms and diseases can often be prevented or alleviated with better nutrition.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to nutrition:

Essence of nutrition

: "Main article: Nutrition"

* Diet
* Dieting
* Eating

Branches of nutrition

* Nutrigenomics
* Nutrition physiology
* Prenatal nutrition
* Sports nutrition

History of nutrition

: "Main article: History of nutrition"

* History of vitamins
** History of Vitamin B₁
** History of Vitamin B₃
** History of Vitamin B₆
** History of vitamin C
** History of Vitamin E

Nutrients

Macronutrients

Water

Protein

* Complete protein
* Protein combining
* Protein in nutrition

Amino Acids

* Standard amino acids
** Alanine
** Arginine
** Aspartic acid (aspartate)
** Asparagine
** Cystine
** Glutamic acid (glutamate)
** Glutamine
** Glycine
** Histidine
** Isoleucine (branched chain amino acid)
** Leucine (branched chain amino acid)
** Lysine
** Methionine
** Phenylalanine
** Proline
** Serine
** Threonine
** Tryptophan
** Tyrosine
** Valine (branched chain amino acid)
* Other amino acids
** Theanine

Fat

Saturated fats

* Butyric acid
* Caprioc acid
* Caprylic acid
* Capric acid
* Lauric acid
* Myristic acid
* Pentadecanoic acid
* Palmitic acid
* Heptadec acid
* Stearic acid
* Arachidic acid
* Behenate acid
* Tetracos acid

Monounsaturated fats

* Myristol
* Pentadecenoic
* Palmitol
* Heptadecenoic
* Oleic acid
* Eicosen
* Erucic acid
* Nervonic acid

Polyunsaturated fats

* Linoleic acid
* Linolenic acid
* Stearidon
* Eicosatrienoic
* Arachidon
* EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) - an essential fatty acid
* DPA
* DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) - an essential fatty acid

Essential fatty acids

* EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
* DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)

Other Fats

* Omega 3 fatty acids
* Omega 6 fatty acids
* Trans fatty acids
* Cholesterol

Fat substitutes

* Simplesse

Carbohydrates

Dietary fiber

* Soluble fiber
* Insoluble fiber

Starch

Sugars

* Monosaccharides
* Fructose
* Galactose
* Glucose
* Disaccharides
* Lactose
* Maltose
* Sucrose
* Alcohol

Sugar substitutes

* Artificial sugar substitutes
** Acesulfame-K —
** Acesulfame potassium — 200x sweetness (by weight), Nutrinova, E950, FDA Approved 2003
** Alitame — 2,000x sweetness (by weight), Pfizer, Pending FDA Approval
** Aspartame — 160-200x sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, E951, FDA Approved 1981
** Cyclamate — 30x sweetness (by weight), Abbott, E952, FDA Banned 1969, pending re-approval
** Dulcin — 250x sweetness (by weight), FDA Banned 1950
** Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone — 1,500x sweetness (by weight), E959
** Neotame — 8,000x sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, FDA Approved 2002
** P-4000 — 4,000x sweetness (by weight), FDA Banned 1950
** Saccharin — 300x sweetness (by weight), E954, FDA Approved 1958
** Sucralose — 600x sweetness (by weight), Tate & Lyle, FDA Approved 1998
* Natural sugar substitutes
** Brazzein — Protein, 2,000x sweetness of sucrose (by weight), Exxx
** Curculin — Protein, 550x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
** Erythritol — 0.7x sweetness (by weight), 14x sweetness of sucrose (by food energy), 0.05x energy density of sucrose
** Fructose —
** Glycyrrhizin — 50x sweetness (by weight)
** Glycerol — 0.6x sweetness (by weight), 0.55x sweetness (by food energy), 1.075x energy density, E422
** Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates — 0.4x–0.9x sweetness (by weight), 0.5x–1.2x sweetness (by food energy), 0.75x energy density
** Isomalt — 0.45x–0.65x sweetness (by weight), 0.9x–1.3x sweetness (by food energy), 0.5x energy density, E953
** Lactitol — 0.4x sweetness (by weight), 0.8x sweetness (by food energy), 0.5x energy density, E966
** Mabinlin — Protein, 100x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
** Maltitol — 0.9x sweetness (by weight), 1.7x sweetness (by food energy), 0.525x energy density, E965
** Mannitol — 0.5x sweetness (by weight), 1.2x sweetness (by food energy), 0.4x energy density, E421
** Miraculin — Protein, "n"x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
** Monellin — Protein, 3,000x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
** Pentadin — Protein, 500x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
** Sorbitol — 0.6x sweetness (by weight), 0.9x sweetness (by food energy), 0.65x energy density, E420
** Stevia — 250x sweetness (by weight)
** Tagatose — 0.92x sweetness (by weight), 2.4x sweetness (by food energy), 0.38x energy density
** Thaumatin — Protein, — 2,000x sweetness (by weight), E957
** Xylitol — 1.0x sweetness (by weight), 1.7x sweetness (by food energy), 0.6x energy density, E967

Micronutrients

Vitamins

* Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
* Multivitamin

* Vitamin A (retinol)
* Vitamin B complex
** Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
** Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
** Vitamin B3 (niacin)
** Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
** Vitamin B6 group:
***Pyridoxine
***Pyridoxal
***Pyridoxamine
** Vitamin B7 (biotin)
** Vitamin B8 (ergadenylic acid)
** Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
** Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
** Choline
** Inositol
* Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
* Vitamin D IU=mcg
* Vitamin E (tocopherol) IU=mg
* Vitamin K
* Biotin
* Carotenoids
** Alpha carotene
** Beta carotene
** Cryptoxanthin
** Lutein
** Lycopene
** Zeaxanthin
* Folate (DFE)

= Minerals =

* Boron
* Calcium
* Chloride
* Chromium
* Copper
* Fluoride
* Iodine
* Iron
* Magnesium
* Manganese
* Molybdenum
* Phosphorus
* Potassium
* Selenium
* Sodium
* Zinc

Organic Acids

* Acetic acid
* Citric acid
* Lactic acid
* Malic acid
* Choline
* Taurine

Foods

=Pyramid Groups=

* Fats
* Milk
* Meats (list)
* Fruits (list)
* Vegetables (list)
* Breads and grains

Qualities of food

* Diet food
* Fast Food ("see also" Slow Food)
* Frozen food
* Functional food
* Junk food
* Local food
* Organic food
* Raw food
* Slow Food ("see also" Fast food)
* Taboo food and drink

Basic nutrition concepts

* Adaptogen
* Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
* Advanced glycation endproduct
* Amino acid
* Appetite
* Artificial flavors
* Artificial sweeteners
* Avitaminosis
* Biosafety
* Blood sugar
* Body fat percentage
* Body Mass Index (BMI)
* BCAA (branched chain amino acids)
* Branched chain amino acids
* Breakfast
* Calorie
* Calorie restriction
* Carbohydrate
** Simple carbohydrate
** Complex carbohydrate
* Carcinogen
* Cholesterol
* Chronic toxicity
* Codex Alimentarius
* Cognitive enhancer
* Complex carbohydrate
* Compulsive overeaters
* Daily value (DV)
* Dairy product
* Danger zone
* Deficiency disease
* Deep frying
* Detoxification
* Diabetes
* Diet
** Dietary fiber
** Dietary mineral
** Dietary supplement
** Dietetics
** Dieting
** Diet food
** Dietitian
** Healthy diet
* Digestion
* Digestive system
* Digestive tract
* Dinner
* Dose
* Drug
* DV (daily value)
* Eating disorders
* ECA stack
* Empty calorie
* Energy drink
* Enzymes
* Ergogenic aids
* Essential
** Essential amino acid
** Essential fatty acid
** Essential mineral
** Essential nutrient
** Non-essential
** Vitamin
* EFA (essential fatty acid)
* Essential fatty acids
* Fat soluble vitamins
* Fad diet
* Famine
* Fat
* Flavonoids
* Fiber, dietary
* Exercise
* Food
* Food additive
* Food allergy
* Food and cooking hygiene
* Food and Nutrition Service
* Food bank
* Foodborne illness
* Food craving
* Food energy
* Food faddism
* Food guide pyramid
* Food groups
* Food labelling Regulations
* Food politics
* Food pyramid
* Food preservation
* Food preservatives
* Food processing
* Food processor
* Food quality
* Food Safety and Inspection Service
* Food Salvage
* Food science
* Food security
* Food sensitivity
* Food Stamp Program
* Food Standards Agency (UK)
* Food storage
* Food supplements
* Food technology
* Free radical
* Freezer burn
* French paradox
* Frozen food
* Fruit
* Functional food
* General Fitness Training
* Genetically modified food
* Glucose (monosaccharide)
* Glucose meter
* Glucose tolerance
* Glycemic Index
* Glycemic Load
* Glycogen
* Growth hormone
** Growth hormone releaser
* Health
* Healthy weight
* Herb
* High density lipoprotein cholesterol
* HDL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol)
* Hypoglycemia
* Ideal weight
* Illnesses related to poor nutrition
* Incompatible Food Triad
* Inflammation
* Insulin
* Irradiation
* Isoflavones
* Kilojoule
* Lactoferrin
* Life extension
* Lipotropic nutrients
* Local food
* Meat
* Megadosing
* Megavitamin therapy
* Micronutrient
* Mineral
* Monounsaturated fat
* Multimineral
* Multinutrient
* Mutagen
* Nootropic
* Nutraceutical
* Nutrient
* Nutrient density
* Nutrigenomics
* Nutrition
* Nutritional facts label
* Nutritional genomics
* Nutrition and pregnancy
* Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
* Nutrition physiology
* Nutrition taboos
* Obesity
* Optimal weight
* Organic acid
* Organic food
* Orthomolecular medicine
* Overweight
* Pasteurization
* Phytochemicals
* Phytonutrients
* Prenatal nutrition
* Preventive medicine
* Prohormone
* Prostaglandins
* RDA
* RDI
* Salad bar
* Saturated fat
* Seed
* Simple carbohydrate
* Somatotropin
* Snap freezing
* Spice
* Starch
* Sugar
* Sulfate
* Sulfite
* Supplement, dietary
* Sweetener
* Teratogen
* Thermogenics
* Toxicology
* Toxicity
* Toxins
* Trans fat / Trans-fatty acids
* Triglycerides
* Vacuum evaporation
* Vegetable

Diets and dieting

* Bodybuilding nutrition
** Bodybuilding supplement
* Calorie restriction
* Cognitive enchancement nutrition
* Dietary supplement
* Fruitarianism
* Life extension nutrition
* Low-carbohydrate diet
* Prenatal nutrition
* Raw food diet
* Sports nutrition
* Vegetarianism
* Weight loss
* Yo-yo dieting

Nutrition problems

* Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)

Behavioral problems

* Eating disorders
** Binge eating
** Bulemia
* Overeating

Nutrition politics

* Fat tax
* Health claims on food labels

Organizations

* Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
* Food and Drugs Act
* USDA

Nutrition scholars

* Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw

Nutrition lists

: "Main article: Lists of nutrition topics"

* List of antioxidants in food
* List of B vitamins
* List of food additives
* List of nutrients
** List of dietary amino acids
*** List of essential amino acids
** List of dietary minerals
*** List of essential minerals
** List of dietary fatty acids
*** List of essential fatty acids See Essential fatty acid
** List of dietary herbs
** List of nootropics
** List of vitamins See vitamin
* List of dietary supplements
* List of herbal supplements

See also

* List of basic exercise topics

External links

* [http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/dietnutrition_and_chronicdiseases/en/ Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases] by a Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation (2003)
* [http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Bulletins/faq.html United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Frequently asked questions]

Databases and search engines

* [http://www.medicaladvices.com/ Nutrition Data Calculators]
* [http://timothyhowe.com/cgi-bin/compfoods.pl Compare the nutrients in 100 calories of any two foods]
* [http://www.nutritiondata.com/ Nutrition Data]
* [http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference] Search By Food
* [http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=13726 USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Nutrient Lists] Search By Nutrient
* [http://www.foodsec.org/DL/dlcourselist_en.asp Nutritional Status Assessment and Analysis: E-Learning Course from FAO]

Governmental agencies and intergovernmental bodies

* [http://www.unsystem.org/scn/ UN Standing Committee on Nutrition] - In English, French and Portuguese

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