Larnaca Salt Lake

Infobox_lake
lake_name = Larnaca Salt Lakes
image_lake = Larnaca Salt Lake.jpg
caption_lake = in winter with part of Larnaca city in the background.
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
coords = coord|34|54|N|33|37|E|type:waterbody_region:CY|display=inline,title
type =
inflow =
outflow =
catchment =
basin_countries = Cyprus
length =
width =
area = 1,585 ha
depth = 1 m
max-depth =
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = 0 m
islands =
cities = Larnaca
reference = [http://www.ramsar.org/profile/profiles_cyprus.htm The Annotated Ramsar List: Cyprus ] ]

Larnaca Salt Lake ( _el. Αλυκή Λάρνακας; Turkish: "Larnaka Tuz Gölü") lies to the west of the town of Larnaca. It is a complex network of four salt lakes (3 of them interconnected) of different sizes. The largest is lake "Aliki" followed by lake "Orphani", lake "Soros" and lake "Spiro". cite web|url=http://www.medcities.org/docs/Audit%20Larnaca.pdf |title=Report of the environmental audit of the city of Larnaca |accessdate=2007-03-29 |month=May | year=1999 |format=PDF |publisher=Medcities ] They form the second largest salt lake in Cyprus after the Limassol Salt Lake. The total surface area of the lakes adds up to 2.2 km² and being just off the road leading to Larnaca International Airport is one of the most distinctive landmarks of the area. It is considered one of the most important wetlands of Cyprus and it has been declared a Ramsar site, Natura 2000 site, Special Protected Area under the Barcelona Convention [ cite web|url=http://www.rac-spa.org/telechargement/PA/sympo.pdf |title=Proceedings of the first symposium on the Mediterranean action plan for the conservation of marine and coastal birds (p94) |accessdate=2007-03-29 |last=Kassinis |first=Nicolaos |coauthors=Michalis Antoniou |month=October | year=2006 |format=PDF ] and an Important Bird Area (IBA). [Iezekiel S., Makris C., Antoniou A. (2004) "Important Bird Areas of European Union Importance in Cyprus." Birdlife Cyprus, Lefkosia 2004. ] It is surrounded by halophytic scrubland and on its bank lies the Hala Sultan Tekke, one of the holiest of shrines within Ottoman Islam. It houses Umm Haram’s tomb, Muhammad's 'wet-nurse'.

Besides its picturesque beauty, the lake is the haunt of 85 species of water-birds with estimated populations between 20,000-38,000.Fact|date=March 2007 It is one of the important migratory passages through Cyprus. Among them are 2-12,000 flamingoes "(Phoenicopterus ruber)" [ cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=30&m=0 |title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Larnaca salt-lake |accessdate=2007-03-25 |year=2006 |publisher=BirdLife International ] which spend the winter months there feeding off populations of the brine shrimp "Artemia salina". Other important bird species are the "Grus grus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Larus ridibundus, Himantopus himantopus, Burhinus oedicnemus, Hoplopterus spinosus, Oenanthe cypriaca and Sylvia melanothorax".Fact|date=March 2007 Flocks of birdwatchers gather to observe the blaze of pink from flamingoes as they gather in the centre of the lake but also the other important migrants. The Larnaca Salt Lake complex was declared as a protected area by a decision of the Council of Ministers in 1997. [ cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/mtg/mtg_reg_europe2004_docs1g1.pdf#search=%22larnaca%20salt%20lake%22 |title=5th European Regional Meeting on the implementation and effectiveness of the Ramsar Convention |accessdate=2007-03-25 |last=Hadjichristoforou |first=Myroula |date=8 December 2004 |format=PDF |publisher=Ramsar ] Recent evidence suggests that contrary to previous belief the Greater Flamingo, "(Phoenicopterus rubber)" not only stops over but also breeds on this wetland. [ cite journal|title=The first evidence for the breeding of the Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber on Cyprus (Erster Brutnachweis des Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber auf Zypern)|journal=Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft|date=September 30, 2005|first=E. |last=Hadjisterkotis|coauthors=M. Charalambides,|volume=48|issue=Supplement 1|pages=72–76|doi= 10.1007/BF02192394|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/y46012851ku55731/#search=%22larnaca%20salt%20lake%22|format=|accessdate=2007-03-25]

During the winter months the lake fills with water whilst in the summer the water evaporates, leaving a crust of salt and a haze of grey dust. According to legend, the lake's saltiness stems from St Lazarus' request of an old woman for food and drink. She refused, claiming her vines had dried up, to which Lazarus replied: "may your vines be dry and be a salt lake forever more." [ cite web|url=http://www.cfhdf.gr/paramithi2/page6en.htm |title=Saint Lazare in Larnaca |accessdate=2007-04-16 |publisher=Damianos Foundation ] A more scientific explanation is that the salt water penetrates the porous rock between the lake and the sea, making the water very salty.

Salt harvested from this lake used to be one of the island's major exports, being collected by donkeys, carried to the edge of the lake and piled up into huge pyramidal heaps. With rising labour costs harvesting dwindled to a negligible amount and stopped altogether in 1986 as the island imports most of this commodity.

References