- Skálholt
Skálholt (Old Icelandic: Skálaholt) is an historical site situated in the south of
Iceland at the riverHvítá .History
Skálholt was, through eight centuries, one of the most important places in Iceland. From
1056 and until1785 , it was one of Iceland's twoepiscopal see s, along withHólar , making it a cultural and political center. Iceland's first official school, Skálholtsskóli (now Reykjavík Gymnasium, MR), was founded at Skálholt in1056 to educate clergy. In 1992 theseminary in Skálholt was re-instituted under the old name and now serves as the education and information center of The Church of Iceland.Throughout the Middle Ages there was significant activity in Skálholt; along with the bishop's office, the cathedral, and the school ,there was extensive farming, a smithy, and a
monastery (whileCatholicism lasted). Along with dormitories and quarters for teachers and servants, the town made up a sizable gathering of structures.Adam of Bremen , writing circa1075 , described Skálholt ("Scaldholz") as the "largest city" in Iceland.Continuing as the episcopal see after the
reformation toLutheranism , the end ofCatholicism in Iceland was marked in1550 when the last Catholic bishop,Jón Arason of Hólar, was executed in Skálholt along with his two sons.Although no longer episcopal sees, Skálholt and Hólar are still the
cathedra of the Church of Icelands' twosuffragan bishop s, and therefore the oldcathedrals still serve as such.Skálholt also receives many visitors each year. Hospitality is a branch of Skálholtsskóli's work and visitors can stay in its dormitories, single rooms, and cottages. Many cultural events such and concerts are held in Skálholt. Foremost of these is the Summer Concerts program in July, in which prominent
classical musicians ,choirs and other musicians are invited to perform.kálholt Cathedral
The current cathedral at Skálholt is relatively large in comparison to most Icelandic churches; its span from door to apse is approximately 30 meters. Some of its predecessors were even longer, reaching up to 50 m in length. The new cathedral was built from
1956 to1963 as a part of the millennial celebrations of the episcopal see. The other Scandinavian churches celebrated this along with the Icelandic church and many of the new cathedrals' items are gifts of theirs; for example, Gerður Helgadóttir's extensivestained glass windows are a gift from theDanes .The Skálholt Map
In the late 16th century a young teacher from Skálholt, Sigurd Stefánsson, attempted to use the available documentary evidence to mark the sites of the ancient Norse discoveries in the western Atlantic, including Vinland, on a map. [ [http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/vmap.html About Stefánsson's map] via heritage.nf.ca- accessed 2008-02-05] His 1570 original no longer survives, but numerous copies were made by Scandinavian scholars, and by matching latitudes with the British Isles, the information was transferred to more modern maps. This indicated, among other things, that the promontory of
Vinland was marked by Stefánsson at the position of the northern promontory of Newfoundland, which was one of the factors that encouraged the successful archaeological investigations atL'Anse Aux Meadows . [Fitzhugh, William W. & Ward, E.I. (eds.) "Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga", Washington DC, Smithsonian Books (2000) ISBN 1560989955, pp20-21]ee also
*
List of Skálholt bishops
*List of settlements in Iceland
*History of Iceland References
*
Adam of Bremen (edited by G. Waitz) (1876). "Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum ". Berlin. [http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/chrons/bremen.htm Available online]
* Adam of Bremen (translated by Francis Joseph Tschan and Timothy Reuter) (2002). "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen". Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231125755External links
* [http://www.skalholt.is/ Skálholt.is]
* [http://www.south.is/skalholt.html Info on Skálholt from Southern Iceland's tourist bureau]
* [http://base.kb.dk/pls/hsk_web/hsk_vis.forside?p_hs_loebenr=31&p_navtype=rel&p_lang=eng Skalholt Map]
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