Biosignal

Biosignal

Biosignal is a summarizing term for all kinds of signals that can be (continually) measured and monitored from biological beings. The term biosignal is often used to mean bio-electrical signal but in fact, biosignal refers to both electrical and non-electrical signals.

Electrical biosignals ("bio-electrical" signals) are usually taken to be (changes in) electric currents produced by the sum of electrical potential differences across a specialized tissue, organ or cell system like the nervous system. Thus, among the best-known bio-electrical signals are the
* Electroencephalogram (EEG)
* Magnetoencephalogram (MEG)
* Galvanic skin response (GSR)
* Electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Electromyogram (EMG)
* Heart Rate Variability (HRV)Electrical currents and changes in electrical resistances across tissues can also be measured from plants.

Bio-signals may also refer to any non-electrical signal that is capable of being monitored from biological beings, such as mechanical signals (e.g. the mechanomyogram or MMG), acoustic signals (e.g. phonetic and non-phonetic utterances, breathing) and visual signals (e.g. movements).

Applications

* [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070185697%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070185697&RS=DN/20070185697 Using electroencephalograph signals for task classification and activity recognition Microsoft]
* [ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/pressrel/2001/01-012.txt NASA scientits use hands-off approach to land passengers jet]

Hardware

University project
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/courses/BE513/EMG/ University of Vienna : cours Biomedical Engineering, Electromyography (EMG)]
* [http://bioinstrumentacion.eia.edu.co/docs/bio/EMG.pdf Hardware, EMG (Escuela de Ingeniera de Antioquia, Colombie)]
* [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/bionb440/FinalProjects/f2005/kwj5/index.html Electroencephalographe,EEG, sans fil ( Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA) ]
* [http://openemg.free.fr Bioamplifier project (EMG, EKG, EEG)]


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