RAF Bruggen

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name = Royal Air Force Station Brüggen


caption = Station crest
dates = 1953 – 15 June 2001
country = Germany
allegiance = UK: British Armed Forces
branch = Royal Air Force
command_structure = RAF Second Tactical Air Force,
then Royal Air Force Germany,
finally No. 2 Group RAF
type = Flying station
role = Fighter attack and defence
size =
current_commander =
garrison = Elmpt, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
garrison_label = Based near
ceremonial_chief =
ceremonial_chief_label =
colonel_of_the_regiment =
colonel_of_the_regiment_label =
nickname = "Brüggen", Bruggers"
motto = "To Seek and Strike"
colors =
colors_label = Royal Air Force Ensign
march = Royal Air Force March Past
mascot =
equipment = English Electric Canberra,
F-4 Phantom II,
SEPECAT Jaguar,
Panavia Tornado GR1
battles = First Gulf War, Kosovo War
notable_commanders =
identification_symbol =
identification_symbol_label = Station crest
anniversaries =

Infobox Airport
name = RAF Brüggen
IATA = BGN
ICAO = ETUR
type = Military
owner = Ministry of Defence
operator = formerly: Royal Air Force, now: British Army
location = Elmpt, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
elevation-f = 241
elevation-m = 73
coordinates = coord|51|12|00|N|6|7|46|E|region:DE-NW_type:airport
website =
r1-number = 09/27
r1-length-f = 8,159
r1-length-m = 2,487
r1-surface = Asphalt (closed)

The former Royal Air Force Station Brüggen, more commonly known as RAF Brüggen, airport codes|BGN|ETUR [GCM|BGN|BGN / ETUR] [ASN|BGN|BGN / ETUR] in Germany was a major station of the Royal Air Force until June 15, 2001. It was situated next to the village of Elmpt, approximately 43 km west of Düsseldorf near the German-Netherlands border. The base was named after the village of Brüggen, the nearest rail depot. Construction began in mid-1952 which involved the clearing of dense forest and draining of marshland. The station became active in 1953 during the rapid expansion of NATO forces in Europe.

317 Supply & Transport Column

In 1953, the 317 Supply & Transport column arrived at RAF Brüggen from Uetersen. This followed the decision to supply all RAF stations in Germany through the port of Antwerp. In 1954 the unit was redesignated as a Transport Squadron and was responsible for equipping and supplying all RAF stations in Germany and Holland. The unit remained at Brüggen until 1963 when it was amalgamated into the 431 Maintenance Unit which continued to operate until 1993. The demise of 317 MT Squadron marked the end of an era as it had been on the continent shortly after D Day under its previous title of 317 Supply & Transport Column. It had built itself an enviable reputation and following the cessation of hostilities carried out convoys to Prague, Warsaw and Moscow. In the Review of the Royal Air Force 1950, the unit was described as the Carter Paterson of the autobahns.

Throughout its life 317 carried out a number of humanitarian operations. The first being medical supplies to Bergen Belsen. This was followed in 1947 by "Operation Harvester" in which timber and peat was supplied to the civilian population of Northern Germany in one of the coldest winters on record. This was followed by the return of displaced persons and POW's to their home towns and cities within the British Zone. They were called upon again at the start of the Berlin Airlift (Operation Plain Fare) and lastly in the winter of 1961 the Squadron took a convoy of Fuel trucks to the oil refineries in Rotterdam for heating oil which was delivered to hospitals in Germany during the great freeze when the canals were inoperable.

1957-1998 - Strike/Attack role

The initial strike capability at RAF Brüggen was provided by the Canberra from the summer of 1957. From 1969 to 1975 the F-4 Phantom operated in the strike/attack role and were replaced by the SEPECAT Jaguar from 1975. The squadron Jaguars were replaced by the Panavia Tornado GR1 beginning in 1984. With a height of four Tornado GR1 squadrons at Brüggen, and also at its nearby sister airbase RAF Laarbruch, Brüggen and Laarbruch formed the largest Tornado force in NATO. Hardened Aircraft Shelters were equipped with the U.S. Weapon Storage Security System (WS3), each able to store up to 4 WE.177 tactical nuclear bombs, for delivery by Tornado aircraft. [citation|url=http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/82558p4j65585158/fulltext.pdf|title=U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe, 1954–2004|author=Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen|date=November/December 2004|publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|accessdate=2009-06-11]

1984 - Nuclear Incident

On the 4 September 2007, the British military admitted that there had been an accident with a nuclear weapon at RAF Brüggen on 2 May 1984. The nuclear weapon fell from a transport truck, as the missile wasn't securely attached to the truck. The weapon was 8 times stronger than the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. The casing was x-rayed after the incident, and found to have been undamaged, a testament to the inherent strength of nuclear weapons casings. The six people/military staff who were responsible for the accident, received a reprimand for their actions in the incident. [ [http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E42DA14A-1A36-4A35-9736-0D607A07FBD8/0/nuclear_weapon_incident_germany_letter.pdf Incident at RAF Brüggen – A Viewpoint (MoD) - PDF] ]

1998-2001 - Attack role

Following reunification of Germany the RAF announced plans to reduce its presence in the country by half. One major part of this was the reduction of Tornado squadrons at Brüggen from seven to four, No.17, No.IX, No.14 and No.31 squadrons. No.9, No.14 and No.31 squadrons took part in the Gulf War and operated from the base during NATO's air operations in the Kosovo War, supported by VC10 tankers.

The decision to remove all RAF assets from Germany was taken in 1996. As a result of the Strategic Defence Review No. 17 Squadron disbanded on 31 March 1999 and began the gradual drawdown of the base. No. 14 Sqn relocated to RAF Lossiemouth in January 2001. A formal ceremony on 15 June officially ended a continuous RAF presence in Germany since World War II and all of the remaining Tornados had left for RAF Marham by 4 September 2001.

Brüggen squadrons

*No. 9 Squadron RAF (1 October 1986 - July 2001) - operating Panavia Tornado GR1,GR4
*No. 14 Squadron RAF - operating SEPECAT Jaguar GR1, Panavia Tornado GR1
*No. 17 Squadron RAF - operating SEPECAT Jaguar GR1, Panavia Tornado GR1 (85-99)
*No. 20 Squadron RAF - operating SEPECAT Jaguar GR1
*No. 31 Squadron RAF - operating F-4 Phantom II FGR2, SEPECAT Jaguar GR1, Panavia Tornado GR1
*No. 80 Squadron RAF - operating English Electric Canberra PR.7
*No. 213 Squadron RAF - operating English Electric Canberra B(I)6 (57-69)
*No. 37 Squadron RAF Regiment - operating Rapier

RAF Brüggen today

With the Royal Air Force having no use for site of the former RAF Brüggen, the base was handed over to the British Army on 28 February 2002 to become a Garrison, and is now known as Elmpt Station, Javelin Barracks.

Current Army units

* 1st Signal Brigade, Royal Corps of Signals

ee also

*Royal Air Force station
*List of RAF stations
*List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
*List of aircraft of the RAF
*Aircraft

References

External links

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1389637.stm BBC News - RAF ends 56 years in Germany]
* [http://www.airsceneuk.org.uk/hangar/2001/bruggen/bruggen.htm Last days at Bruggen] from AirSceneUK.org.uk
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/bruggen.htm RAF Brüggen] at GlobalSecurity.org
* [http://www.hive-bfg.co.uk/Elmpt.htm British Forces Germany HIVE - Elmpt Station]
* [http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/1sigbde/units.htm RCS 1st Signal Brigade]
* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?placesearch=Bruggen%20(ETUR)%20(closed)&distinct_entry=true Aviation Photos: Brüggen (ETUR) (closed)] at Airliners.net