Abraham Mitrie Rihbany

Infobox Writer
name = Abraham Mitrie Rihbany


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birthdate = 1869
birthplace = Shweir, Mount Lebanon
deathdate = 1944
deathplace = Stamford, Connecticut
occupation = preacher
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movement = Mahjar, New York Pen League
notableworks = "The Syrian Christ"
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Abraham Mitrie Rihbany (1869-1944; sometimes spelled "Ribhany") was a Middle Eastern immigrant to America who wrote on matters of religion and politics. "In debt and nearly penniless on his arrival in New York, he went on to become a respected clergyman and nationally recognized community leader." [Evelyn Shakir, "Mother's Milk: Women in Arab-American Autobiography", "MELUS" 15:4 (1988), p. 41.] His best-known book, "The Syrian Christ" (1916), was highly influential in its time in explaining the cultural background to some situations and modes of expression to be found in the Gospels. [See e.g. J. Allen Easley, "Appreciation of the Bible as Literature and Religion", "Journal of Bible and Religion" 18:2 (1950), pp. 96-98.] It is still cited in both Biblical Studies [Kenneth E. Bailey, "The Cross & the Prodigal: Luke 15 Through the Eyes of Middle Eastern Peasants", 2nd edition. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2005.] and Sociolinguistics. [Anna Wierzbicka, "English: Meaning and Culture". Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 25-29, 44-56.]

Life and Works

Rihbany was born in Shweir, Mount Lebanon, a part of Ottoman Syria that is now in Lebanon. At 9 years old he was apprenticed to a stone-cutter, but at the age of 17 he managed to attend the Presbyterian School in Souk El Gharb, catching up on his secondary education in two years of study and briefly becoming a teacher himself. It was here that he became a Presbyterian, in spite of his family's long adherence to the Greek Orthodox Church.

In 1891 Rihbany emigrated to the United States, in the first instance to New York City, where he briefly edited "Kawkab Amirka" (The Star of America), North America's first Arabic newspaper. He left New York in 1893 and travelled through the Mid-West, funding short stints of study at Manchester College (Indiana) (1894) and Ohio Wesleyan University (1895-96) by giving lecture tours to churches on the culture of the Holy Land as a key to the Scriptures. He indefinitely postponed his studies after being offered a position as a resident Congregationalist minister in Morenci, Michigan. Thereafter he served as minister for two years in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, and for nine in Toledo, Ohio, ending up at the Church of the Disciples, a Unitarian church in Boston, Massachusetts.

His first book, "A Far Journey" (1913), was an account of his life in Syria and America. His ideas about the importance of East-Mediterranean culture to an understanding of the Gospels were developed in a series of articles for "The Atlantic Monthly", and in 1916 published in book form as "The Syrian Christ". This went through numerous American and British editions up to 1937, was translated into German, and has more recently been translated into Arabic and reissued in English. [ [http://www.thesyrianchrist.com Apamea Consulting's "The Syrian Christ" website] ]

During the First World War, Rihbany began writing on political issues. His "Militant America and Jesus Christ" (1917) made a case for American involvement in liberating the homeland of Jesus from Ottoman rule. The following year he brought out "America Save the Near East", which sold out three editions in twelve months. In it he advocated American trusteeship over an independent Greater Syrian federal republic. Rihbany believed that America stood alone in lacking imperial ambitious in the region and that the United States was uniquely equipped to reshape the region in a progressive fashion. It was due to this publication that he came to attend the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, where he became attached to the entourage of Emir Faisal, the leader of the Arab delegation, as a translator. A Greater Syrian state (the Kingdom of Syria) did briefly come into existence under Faisal before the French Mandate of Syria was imposed in 1920. Rihbany's account of the peace conference, "Wise Men from the East and Wise Men from the West", was in part published in "Harper's Magazine" (Dec. 1921) before being issued as a book. [ [http://www.harpers.org/archive/1921/12/0005193 Harpers Archive] ]

While promoting Arab nationalist and Anti-Zionist ideas, Rihbany did not stop writing religious pamphlets for the American Unitarian Association, as well as more substantial works of spiritual reflection. One British reviewer of his "Seven Days with God" commented on his "keen spiritual insight and considerable vigour of thought". ["Times Literary Supplement", July 7, 1927, p. 475.]

Rihbany died in Stamford, Connecticut, in 1944.

List of his books

*" [http://www.questia.com/read/5398169 A Far Journey] ". London: Constable; Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1914.
*" [http://books.google.com/books?id=fhQPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=%22syrian+christ%22+rihbany&lr=#PPR3,M1 The Syrian Christ] ". Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. Reissued by Kessinger Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1428617414
*"Militant America and Jesus Christ". Boston and New York: Houghton Miflin, 1917.
*"America Save the Near East". Boston: Beacon Press, 1918.
*"The Hidden Treasure of Rasmola". Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1920.
*"Wise Men from the East and from the West". Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1922.
*"The Christ Story for Boys and Girls", illustrated by Gustaf Tenggren. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1923.
*"Seven Days With God". Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1926.
*"The Five Interpretations of Jesus". Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1940.

References

See also

*New York Pen League

Other sources

*Excerpts from "A Far Journey" in "Immigrant Voices: Twenty-Four Voices on Becoming an American", edited by Gordon Hutner. New York: Signet Classics, 1999. ISBN 978-0451526984
*Habib I. Katibah, "The New Spirit in the Arab Lands". New York, 1940, p. 58.
*"The American Spirit in the Writings of Americans of Foreign Birth", edited by Robert E. Stauffer, 1922.
*The New York Times Book Review, Nov. 24, 1918, review of "America Save the Near East".