Lloyd Kaufman

Lloyd Kaufman (Born Stanley Lloyd Kaufman Jr., on December 30, 1945) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and occasional actor. With producer Michael Herz, he is the co-founder of Troma Entertainment, the world's longest running independent film studio, and the director of many of their feature films, including the cult classic "The Toxic Avenger" and the critically acclaimed "Tromeo and Juliet". Kaufman also serves as chairman of the Independent Film & Television Alliance.

He is married to Pat Swinney Kaufman, the executive director of the New York State Governor's Office for Motion Picture and Television Development. Together, they have three daughters.

Early life and career

Kaufman graduated from Yale University with the class of 1968, where he majored in Chinese studies. Originally intending to become a social worker, he became friends with student filmmaker Robert Edelstein and Eric Sherman (son of filmmaker Vincent Sherman), who introduced him to his future lifelong obsession, cinema. Some of Lloyd's favorite filmmakers include John Ford, Kenji Mizoguchi, Ernst Lubitsch and Stan Brakhage.

In 1966, Lloyd went on a hiatus from his studies and spent a year in the bush of Chad for USAID as a pathfinder for the Peace Corps.

Returning to Yale, he produced Robert Edelstein's low-budget film "Rappaccini" and directed his own first feature, an experimental black and white film entitled "The Girl Who Returned". The film was presented at film societies at Yale, Harvard, and other east coast institutions. Following his graduation, Kaufman went on to work for Cannon Films, where he met John G. Avildsen (future Academy Award-winning director of "Rocky" and "The Karate Kid"). The two collaborated for several years, making low-budget films including "Joe" and "Cry Uncle". During this period, Kaufman also directed and starred in his second feature film, "The Battle of Love's Return", which garnered positive reviews in publications such as "The New York Times", wrote and produced the lesbian thriller "Sugar Cookies" (with Oliver Stone), and wrote and directed another film, the Israeli comedy flop "Big Gus, What's the Fuss?".

From 1973-1979 Kaufman produced and directed a handful of adult films in New York under the pseudonym "Louis Su". He directed at least three: "The Divine Obsession", "The Newcomers", and "Sweet & Sour" [cite journal |last= Pahlow|first=Collin |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1977 |month= July|title=The Divine Obsession |journal= British Film Institute Monthly Film Bulletin|volume=44 |issue=522 |pages=144 |id= |url= |accessdate= 2007-12-08 |quote= ] , and has been credited for producing at least three more.

The Birth of Troma Studios

In 1974, Kaufman and his business partner Michael Herz founded Troma Entertainment and began producing and distributing independent action and comedy films. In order to pay the bills, Kaufman did freelance work for various Hollywood productions, including "Rocky", "Saturday Night Fever", and "The Final Countdown", which he also produced (Kaufman has said that it was his experience on this film that made him never want to deal with a major studio again [Quoted in "All I need to know about FILMMAKING, I learned from the Toxic Avenger", ISBN 0-425-16357-1] ). From 1979 to 1981, the two wrote, produced and directed a series of profitable "sexy comedies", precursors to such films as "Porky's", including "Squeeze Play!", "Waitress!", "Stuck on You!" and "The First Turn-On!". On most of these early films, Kaufman is credited as "Samuel Weil" (the name of Kaufman's maternal great-grandfather), a pseudonym which Kaufman used to skirt Directors Guild of America rules.

In 1985, Troma experienced mainstream success with another Kaufman/Herz production, the violent, darkly comic superhero film "The Toxic Avenger". "Toxic" went on to become Troma's most popular movie, inspiring three sequels, a Saturday morning children's television show, comic books and tons of merchandise. The Toxic Avenger, or "Toxie", as he is affectionately known, is now Troma's official mascot.

Kaufman's follow-up to "The Toxic Avenger" was the relatively popular "Class of Nuke 'Em High", which he co-directed with Richard W. Haines. Riding on the success of the "Toxic Avenger", "Nuke 'em" inspired two profitable sequels and a healthy run on late night cable shows such as "USA Up All Night". At one time, "Class of Nuke 'Em High" was the highest-selling VHS for Troma.Fact|date=December 2007

Troma experienced a lull in popularity after Kaufman's next two films, "Troma's War" and "Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D.", failed to make an impression at the box office. From 1995 to 2000, Kaufman rebounded with three critically acclaimed independent films: 1996's "Tromeo and Juliet", a loose parody of Shakespeare's play; 1999's "Terror Firmer", a slasher film set on the set of a Troma movie (with Kaufman playing a caricature of himself), and the fourth installment in the "Toxic Avenger" franchise, "".

Troma's exerienced some financial hardship after the botched funding of a low-budget video feature titled "Tales from the Crapper", which cost $250,000 despite most of the footage being completely unusable. India Allen, one of the producers, backed out of the film halfway through, and sued Troma, citing breach of contract, slander per se, sexual harassment and trade slander. [citation needed] Lloyd personally supervised a reshoot in an attempt to salvage the film, dividing the footage into two parts and recasting the film as a double-feature. "Tales from the Crapper" was released on DVD in September 2004, eventually making its money back through DVD sales.

Troma Studios Now

Today, Troma still produces and acquires independent films, despite many financial hardships and limitations. [ [http://www.popmatters.com/pm/blogs/shortends_post/49492/lloyd-rage-four-dec Lloyd Rage: Four Decades of Fighting the Movie Man | Short Ends and Leader | PopMatters ] ] Troma Films has distributed many films from third parties including Trey Parker's "Cannibal! The Musical". Lloyd himself encourages independent filmmaking, making cameo appearances in many low-budget horror films, often for free. Among his more recent appearances is in former collaborator James Gunn's directing debut, "Slither".

Kaufman's latest film, "", made its official New York premiere on May 9, 2008 (although the film had previewed numerous times on single screens for over a year). On its opening weekend, it had the second highest per-screen average ticket sales, beating out the big-budget "Speed Racer", and opened to positive reviews from Entertainment Weekly, The New York Times [ [http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/movies/09poul.html Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead - Movie - Review - The New York Times ] ] , and was made a critics pick by New York Magazine and Salon.com.

In September 2008, a staged musical version of "The Toxic Avenger" will open at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Directed by Tony Award winner John Rando, "The Toxic Avenger Musical" features music from Bon Jovi founding member, David Bryan.

Select Filmography (as director)

All films from "Waitress" to "Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D." were co-directed with college buddy and Troma Vice President Michael Herz
*"The Girl Who Returned" (1969)
*"The Battle of Love's Return" (1971)
*"Big Gus, What's the Fuss?" (1973)
*"Squeeze Play!(1980) (as Samuel Weil)
*"Waitress!" (1981) (as Samuel Weil)
*"The First Turn-On!" (1983) (as Samuel Weil)
*"Stuck on You!" (1984) (as Samuel Weil)
*"The Toxic Avenger" (1985) (as Samuel Weil)
*"Class of Nuke 'Em High" (1986) (as Samuel Weil; co-directed with Richard W. Haines)
*"Troma's War" (1988) (as Samuel Weil)
*"The Toxic Avenger Part II" and "" (1989)
*"Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D." (1991)
*"Tromeo and Juliet" (1996)
*"Troma's Edge TV" (1999-2001) (26 half-hour episodes)
*"Terror Firmer" (1999) (based on his book "All I Need To Know about Filmmaking I Learned from the Toxic Avenger")
*"" (2000)
*"" (2000)
*""
*"All The Love You Cannes" (2002)
*"Tales From The Crapper" (2004)
*"William Sloan Coffin and the Yale Class of 1968" (2005)
*"" (2006)

Books

* "All I Needed To Know About Filmmaking I Learned From The Toxic Avenger" (with James Gunn)
* "Make Your Own Damn Movie" (with Adam Jahnke and Trent Haaga)
* "The Toxic Avenger: The Novel" (with Adam Jahnke)

ee also

* Michael Herz
* Joe Fleishaker
* James Gunn

References

;Bibliography
*"All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from the Toxic Avenger" with James Gunn (1998)
*"" with Adam Jahnke and Trent Haaga (2003)
*"" with Adam Jahnke (2006)

External links

*imdb name|id=0442207|name=Lloyd Kaufman
* [http://www.myspace.com/{1|chickenzombie} {2|Lloyd Kaufman}] at MySpace
* [http://www.lloydkaufman.com Official Website]
* [http://www.troma.com Official Troma website]
* [http://www.toxicuniverse.com/review.php?aid=1000485 Lloyd Kaufman, Troma Entertainment President] ToxicUniverse article
* [http://www.mongrel.ie/issue24/sept06pp22.php Lloyd Kaufman interview in Mongrel Magazine]
* [http://www.horroryearbook.com/2006/12/25/sot-save-our-troma-lloyd-kaufman-talks-to-molly-celaschi/ Lloyd Kaufman interview with HorrorYearbook]
* [http://www.msdivine.net/troma Lloyd Kaufman interview with Ms. Divine]
* [http://www.myspace.com/jaegermeisterproductions "King Kaufman: The Passion of Lloyd" Official Lloyd Kaufman schlock-doc site]
* [http://www.thestream.tv/watch.php?v=115 Lloyd Kaufman Live One Hour Interview - Filmnut on theStream.tv]