Caulonia

Infobox CityIT
img_coa =
official_name = Caulonia
name = Caulonia
region = Calabria
province = Province of Reggio Calabria (RC)
elevation_m =
area_total_km2 = 100.7
population_as_of = Dec. 2004
population_total = 7542
population_density_km2 = 75
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|38|23|N|16|25|E|type:city(7,542)_region:IT
frazioni = Crochi, S.Nicola, Focà, Campoli, Agromastelli, Ursini, Cufò
telephone = 0964
postalcode = 89041
gentilic = cauloniesi
saint =
day =
mayor =
website =
mapy = 16.4167
mapx = 38.3833

Caulonia ( _gr. Kaulonia) is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 km southwest of Catanzaro and about 70 km northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,542 and an area of 100.7 km².All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.]

The municipality of Caulonia contains the "frazioni" (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Crochi ( _gr. Krokoi), S.Nicola ( _gr. Aghios Nikolaos), Focà ( _gr. Phocea), Campoli, Agromastelli ( _gr. Agromastelloi), Ursini, and Cufò ( _gr. Koufò).

Caulonia borders the following municipalities: Nardodipace, Pazzano, Placanica, Roccella Ionica, Stignano.

History

Caulonia was founded between the 7th and 8th Centuries B.C.E., with some historians dating the founding sometime around 722 B.C.E. It was first settled by Greek Achaean colonists as part of the Magna Graecia. For a time ruled by nearby Crotone, Caulonia became an independent city-state, minting its own coins. According to Thucydides, during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.), Caulonians supplied Athens with timber for ships. The store of timber at Caulonia was attacked and burned by forces from Syracuse. [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/plpwr10.txt] Beginning in 389 B.C.E., Caulonia was conquered and ruled by various groups. In 200 B.C.E., the town was completely destroyed by Romans when it sided with Hannibal during the Punic Wars. The Romans then gave the town the Latin name Castlevetere.

Caulonia was known as Castlevetere for nearly 2,000 years, until 1862, when the town regained the name Caulonia, following Italy's unification.

For five days in March 1945, with the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini overthrown, the town of Caulonia became the "Republic of Caulonia," led by an elementary school teacher named Pasquale Cavallaro.

Demographic evolution

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References

Link related

*Vallata dello Stilaro Allaro
*Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria