Portoferraio

Infobox CityIT
img_coa = portoferraio-Stemma.png official_name = Comune di Portoferraio
name = Portoferraio
region = Tuscany
province = Province of Livorno (LI)
elevation_m = 4
area_total_km2 = 47
population_as_of = 2004-12-31
population_total = 12020
population_density_km2 = 218
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|42|49|N|10|19|E|type:city(3,427)_region:IT
frazioni =
telephone = 0565
postalcode = 57037
gentilic = Portoferraiesi
saint = St. Cristinus
day = April 29
mayor = Roberto Peria (since June 2004)
website = [http://www.comune.portoferraio.li.it/ www.comune.portoferraio.li.it]
mapy = 10.3833
mapx = 42.7500

Portoferraio is a town and commune in the province of Livorno, on the edge of the eponymous harbour of the island of Elba. It is the island's largest city. Because of its terrain, many of its buildings are situated on the slopes of a tiny hill surrounded on three sides by the sea.

History

It was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in 1548, with the name of "Cosmopoli" ("Cosimo's City"), to balance the presence of the Spanish citadel in Porto Azzurro. It had three forts (Forte Stella, Forte Falcone and Forte Inglese) and a massive line of walls, all still visible today.

The city remained to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until the 18th century, when, due to its strategic position, it was contended by France, England and Austria. In 1814 it was handed over to Napoleon Bonaparte, as the seat of his first exile. In the 19th century, the city grew quickly, due to the construction of infrastructures and the exploitation of new iron mills in Rio Marina. Portoferraio became then main shipping port of the ore towards the mainland, whence the current name, meaning "Iron Port" in Italian. After the end of the Napoleonic Era, Portoferraio returned to Tuscany, and became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. Here brigand Carmine Crocco was imprisoned until his death for his revolution against the reign of Victor Emmanuel II.

Portoferraio's economy suffered from the end of mining activities starting from the 1970s, but in the following decades it gained a status as an internationally renowned tourist resort.

Main sights

The town center is crowded around the small marina drawn in a natural cove.

Main points of interest include:

*Forte Stella
*Forte Falcone
*Forte Inglese
*Archeological museum
*Napoleon's house

External links

* [http://www.elbaworld.com/isola_d_elba/it/portoferraio/comune.html Portoferraio] .