Erika (tanker)

"Erika" was the name of a tanker built in 1975 and last chartered by Total-Fina-Elf. She sank off the coast of France in 1999, causing one of the greatest environmental disasters in the world.

Erika was one of eight sister ships built in Japan. Despite having 10% less steel than many other tankers of similar size, Erika was very popular amongst shipping companies because of its relative inexpensiveness. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/correspondent/883110.stm]

On December 8 1999, she sailed out of Dunkerque, bound for Livorno and with a heavy cargo of around 20,000 tons of fuel oil.

As she entered the Bay of Biscay, the Erika ran into a heavy storm. On December 12 1999, she broke in two and sank, releasing thousands of tons of oil into the sea, killing marine life and polluting shores around Brittany, France. It is considered the greatest environmental disaster to ever hit the country. [http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2264643.ece]

Fifteen individuals and corporations are now on trial for her sinking, including Total, Giuseppe Savarese the Italian owner of the Erika, his manager Antonio Pollara and captain of the vessel Karun Mathur.

According to the official inquiry by the Dunkerque Tribunal, the Principal Shareholder of Tevere Shipping is Giuseppe Savarese, owner of the Erika since 1996. Savarese lives in London and was personally responsible for finance, administration, legal, commercial, hull and machinery insurance and P&I insurance matters.

The Erika's technical and maritime management company was Panaship, a Ravenna-based corporation incorporated in 1997. The Pollara and Vitiello families each own 50 percent. The company did not employ a specialist in naval architecture or vessel strength which is typical for such companies. With regards to maintenance, Panaship defined the scope and nature of maintenance work in addition to creating and evaluating calls for bids for such work. All decisions were submitted to Giuseppe Savarese. The Erika's registry was held by Malta. The Classification Society for classed the Erika was RINA or the Foundation Registro Italiano Navale ed Aeronautica, based in Genova. Malta like most Flag States delegates compliance with International Safety Management Code of International Maritime Organization to Classification Societies such as RINA. RINA issued all safety certificates for the Erika.

List of Certificates issued for the Erika by RINA:

*International Load Line Certificate - Dated December 16 1998 valid until August 31 2003
*Safety Construction Certificate - Dated December 16 1998 valid until August 31 2003
*International Pollution Certificate - Dated December 16 1998 valid until August 31 2003
*Safety Equipment Certificate - Dated December 16 1998 valid until August 14 2000
*Radio Certificate - Dated November 23 1999 valid until March 31 2000

Total said that the classification society, Registro Italiano Navale had reported that the tanker was in good condition, and that it routinely requires certificates of good condition for vessels more than 20 years old.

The accident triggered new EU-legislation as regard to transport by sea.

On January 16 2008, Total SA, Giuseppe Savarese (the shipowner), Antonio Pollara (the handler) and Rina (the expert company) were sentenced in solidum to pay indemnities of 192 millions € (280 MUSD), plus individual penalties. The judgement, while recognizing the risks inherent to oceangoing vessels, reckons Total SA was "guilty of imprudence", from the fact that Total SA did not take into account "the age of the ship", (nearly 25 years), and "the discontinuity of its technical handling and maintenance" [ [http://www.lesechos.fr/info/energie/300233996.htm fr Erika : amende maximale pour les coupables, dont Total] ] .

ee also

*Oil spill

References

External links

* [http://www.total.com/en/group/news/special_report_erika/erika_review_facts/erika__vessel_11373.htm Report]
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* [http://proces-erika.net/ Erika trial, Paris 2007]
* [http://coordination-maree-noire.eu/article.php3?id_article=4835 slides of Erika by her crew]
* [http://www.sextan.com/archives/erika/rapport23.html GMDSS Transmissions]
* [http://erikarivista.googlepages.com/home Chronology]