Lepcha script

Infobox Writing system
name=Lepcha
type=Abugida
fam1=Proto-Canaanite alphabet
fam2=Phoenician alphabet
fam3=Aramaic alphabet ^[a]
footnotes= [a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
fam4=Brāhmī
fam5=Gupta
fam6=Siddhaṃ
fam7=Tibetan
sisters=Phagspa
children=Limbu
languages=Lepcha
time=c. 1700–present
unicode= [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1C00.pdf U+1C00–U+1C4F]
iso15924=Lepc

The Lepcha script (also known as Róng or Róng-Ríng) is an abugida used by the Lepcha people to write the Lepcha language. Unusually for an abugida, syllable-final consonants are written as diacritics.

History

Lepcha is derived from the Tibetan script, and may have some Burmese influence. According to tradition, it was devised in the year 1720 by prince Phyagdor Namgyal of the Tibetan dynasty in Sikkim, or by scholar Thikúng Men Salóng in the 17th century. Early Lepcha manuscripts were written vertically, a sign of Chinese influence. When they were later written horizontally, the the letters remained in their new orientations, rotated 90° from their Tibetan prototypes. This resulted in an unusual method of writing final consonants.

Typology

Lepcha is now written horizontally, but the changes in the direction of writing have resulted in a metamorphosis of the eight syllable-final consonants from conjuncts (ligatures) as in Tibetan to superposed diacritics.

As in most other Brahmic scripts, the short vowel /-a/ is not written; other vowels are written with diacritics before (/-i, -o/), after (/-ā, -u/), or under (/-e/) the initial consonant. The length mark, however, is written over the initial, as well as any final consonant diacritic, and fuses with /-o/ and /-u/. (When fused as /-ō/, however, it lies below any final consonant.) Initial vowels do not have separate letters, but are written with the vowel diacritics on an &-shaped null-consonant letter.

There are postposed diacritics for medial /-y-/ and /-r-/, which may be combined "(krya)." For medial /-l-/, however, there are seven dedicated conjunct letters. That is, there is a special letter for /kla/ which does not resemble the letter for /ka/. (Only /gla/ is written with a straightforward diacritic.)

One of the final letters, /-ŋ/, is an exception to these patterns. First, unlike the other finals, final /-ŋ/ is written to the left of the initial consonant rather than on top, occurring even before preposed vowels. That is, /kiŋ/ is written "ngik". Second, there is no inherent vowel before /-ŋ/; even short /-a-/ must be written, with a diacritic unique to this situation. (It appears to be the diacritic for long /-ā/ rotated 180° around the consonant letter.) That is, /kaŋ/ is written "ngak", rather than "k^ng" as would be expected from the general pattern.

Lepcha in Unicode

The Unicode range for Lepcha is U+1C00 .. U+1C4F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points.

References

*Leonard van der Kuijp, "The Tibetan Script and Derivatives," in Daniels and Bright, "The World's Writing Systems," 1996.

External links

* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/lepcha.htm Lepcha script at Omniglot.com]
* [http://www.geocities.com/jglavy/asian.html Lepcha font] - A free and well designed but non-Unicode compliant font.