Junkers Ju 86

infobox Aircraft
name = Ju 86
type = bomber, airliner, reconnaissance aircraft
manufacturer = Junkers



caption = Swedish Ju 86
designer =
first flight = 1934
introduced = 1936
retired =
status = retired
primary user = German Luftwaffe
produced =
number built =
unit cost =
variants with their own articles =The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. The civilian model Ju 86B could carry ten passengers; two were delivered to Swissair and five to Lufthansa. It was used by both sides in World War II. Furthermore a single civilian Ju 86Z was delivered to the Swedish AB Aerotransport. [Avrosys.nu: [http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Transport/259Tp9.htm Tp 9 - Junkers Ju 86Z-7 (1940-1958)] ]

Design and development

The Ju 86 was sold to airlines and air forces from several nations, including Bolivia, Chile, Hungary, Manchukuo, Portugal, the South African Air Force (SAAF), Spain, and Sweden. The Ju 86K was an export model, also built under license in Sweden by Saab as the B 3 with 905 hp Bristol Mercury XIX engines. Several aircraft remained in service with the Swedish Air Force until 1958.Avrosys.nu: [http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Bomb/152B3.htm B 3 - Junkers Ju 86K (1936-1958)] ] A few were converted to SIGINT platforms. ["Bortom Horisonten : Svensk Flygspaning mot Sovjetunionen 1946-1952" by Andersson, Lennart, Hellström, Leif]

Operational history

The bomber was field tested in the Spanish Civil War, where it proved inferior to the Heinkel He 111. Four Ju 86D-1 arrived in Spain in early February 1937, but after a few sorties one of them (coded 26-1) was shot down on 23 February by Republican fighters with the loss of 3 crewmen killed and 1 captured. A replacement plane was sent from Germany, but in the summer of 1937 another D-1 was lost in an accident, and the three remaining planes were sold to the Nationalist air forces. It was again used in the 1939 invasion of Poland, but retired soon after. In January 1940 the "Luftwaffe" tested the prototype Ju 86P with a longer wing span, pressurized cabin, Jumo 207A1 turbocharged diesel engines, and a two-man crew. The Ju 86P could fly at heights of 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and higher on occasion, where it was felt to be safe from Allied fighters. The Westland Welkin and Yakovlev Yak-9PD were developed specifically to counter this threat.

No. 12 Squadron SAAF used Ju 86 bombers in the East African Campaign.

Satisfied with the newer version, the Luftwaffe ordered that some 40 older-model bombers be converted to Ju 86P-1 high altitude bombers and Ju 86P-2 photo reconnaissance aircraft. Those operated successfully for some years over Britain, the Soviet Union and North Africa. In August 1942, a modified Spitfire V shot one down over Egypt at some 49,000 ft (14,500 m); when two more were lost, Ju 86Ps were withdrawn from service in 1943.

Junkers developed the Ju 86R for the Luftwaffe, using larger wings and new engines capable of even higher altitudes — up to 16,000 m (52,500 ft) — but production was limited to prototypes.

urvivors

Only one Junkers Ju 86 is known to exist. One of the 16 SAAB-built aircraft is on a permanent static display with the "Flygvapenmuseum" in Sweden today.

Variants

;Ju 86abl:First bomber prototype.;Ju 86bal:Second transport prototype.;Ju 86cb:Third bomber prototype.;Ju 86 V4:Prototype for the Ju 86B commercial transport aircraft.;Ju 86 V5:Prototype for the Ju 86A bomber aircraft.;Ju 86A-0:13 pre-production bomber aircraft.;Ju 86A-1:Initial bomber version.;Ju 86B-0:Seven pre-production transport aircraft.;Ju 86C-1:Six transport aircraft for Lufthansa, powered by two jumo 205C radial piston engines.;Ju 86D-1:Bomber version.;Ju 86E-1:Bomber version for the Luftwaffe, powered by two B.M.W. 132F radial piston engines.;Ju 86E-2:Powered by two B.M.W. 132N radial piston engines.;Ju 86G-1:Fitted with a round glass nose.;Ju 86E-2:Uprated version of the Ju 86E-1.;Ju 86K-1:Export version for South Africa and Sweden.;Ju 86K-2:Export version for Hungary.;Ju 86K-4:Export version for Sweden, similar to the Ju 86K-1, but fitted with two Bristol Pegasus III radial piston engines.;Ju 86K-5:Swedish-built bomber aircraft, powered by two Swedish-built Bristol Pegasus XII radial piston engines.;Ju 86K-6:Export version for Chile and Portugal.;Ju 86K-13:Swedish-built bomber aircraft, fitted with Swedish or Polish-built Pegasus engines.;Ju 86P-1:High-altitude bomber version.;Ju 86P-2:Photo reconnaissance version.;Ju 86R-1:Reconnaissance version.;Ju 86R-2:Bomber version.;Ju 86R-3:Powered by two Jumo 208 engines.;Ju 186:Proposed four-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.;Ju 286:Proposed six-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.

Operators

Military operators

*AUT
*BOL: Bolivian Air Force
*CHI: Chilean Air Force
*flag|Germany|Nazi: Luftwaffe
*flag|Hungary|1940
*POR
*flag|South Africa|1928: South African Air Force
*SWE: Swedish Air Force [Avrosys.nu: [http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Torped/193T3.htm T 3 - Junkers Ju 86K] ]

Civil operators

*AUS: Southern Airlines and Freighters of Australia
*BOL: Lloyd Aero Boliviano
*CHI: LAN Chile
*flag|Germany|Nazi: Lufthansa
*flag|Manchukuo: Manchurian Air Services
*flag|South Africa|1928: South African Airways
*flagicon|Spain|1939 Spanish State
*SWE: AB Aerotransport
*SUI: Swissair

pecifications (Ju 86R)

aircraft specifications
plane or copter?=plane
jet or prop?=prop
ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War IIRef Jane's|The Junkers Ju 86P and Ju 86R|171] and Warbirds Resource Groupcite web | work= Warbirds Resource Group | url=http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/LRG/ju86.html | title=Junkers Ju 86 | accessdate=2005-08-11 ]
crew=2 (pilot and radio operator)
span main=32 m
span alt=105 ft
length main=16.46 m
length alt=54 ft
height main=4.7 m
height alt=15 ft 5 in
area main=82 m²
area alt=883 ft²
empty weight main=6,700 kg
empty weight alt=14,800 lb
max takeoff weight main=11,530 kg
max takeoff weight alt=25,420 lb
engine (prop)=Junkers Jumo 207B-3/V
type of prop=diesel engines
number of props=2
power main=746 kW
power alt=1,000 hp
max speed main=420 km/h
max speed alt=260 mph
max speed more=above 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
climb rate main=4.67 m/s
climb rate alt=900 ft/min
ceiling main=13,000 m
ceiling alt=42,650 ft
range main=1,580 km
range alt=980 mi
loading main= kg/m²
loading alt= lb/ft²
power/mass main= W/kg
power/mass alt= hp/lb

The bomber had defensive armament of three MG15 machine guns, and could carry a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load. The early model Ju 86-D1 (1936) had two 600 hp Jumo 205C-4 diesel engines, but the Ju 86E replaced those with the 800 hp BMW 132F.

ee also

aircontent

sequence=
* Ju 49 - Ju 52 - Ef 61 - Ju 86 - Ju 87 - Ju 90 - Ju 136
related=
*Junkers Ju 136
similar aircraft=
*Heinkel He 111
*Dornier Do 17
lists=
* List of military aircraft of Germany
see also=
*Photo reconnaissance

References

#Aeroplane Monthly June 2005, pg 68

External links

* [http://www.plastikowe.pl/galerie/lotnictwo/junkers-ju-86k-4-b-3c Photo gallery of Junkers Ju 86K-4]