- High ground
High ground is a spot of elevated terrain which can be useful in
military tactics . Fighting from an elevated position is easier for a number of reasons. Soldiers will tire more quickly when fighting uphill, will move more slowly, and if fighting in formation will have little ability to see beyond the soldiers in front of them. Likewise, soldiers fighting on the hill won't get tired as quickly, will move faster, and will be able to see farther when in formation, aiding them in making smart tactical maneuvers. Furthermore, soldiers who are elevated above their enemies can get greater range out of low-speed projectiles like rocks and javelins. Likewise, rocks and javelins will have less range when thrown uphill.Very steep and/or rocky terrain, like mountain sides, can be an obstacle to
tank s andarmoured personnel carrier s, or in the past tocavalry andwar elephant s. For example, in theSoviet war in Afghanistan ,mujahideen guerrilla s based themselves in the mountains ofAfghanistan , thereby protecting themselves from theSoviet motorized divisions. This forced the Soviets to rely heavily onhelicopter s to conduct the war, but the US gave the mujahideenFIM-92 Stinger anti-aircraft missiles, which, arguably, combined with the defense of the mountains, was able to win the war for the mujahideen. The high ground and anti-air craft missiles made it possible for the mujahideen to use guerrilla warfare against the Soviets without being wiped out. High ground was also employed in the 1423Battle of Horic in Germany, whereTaborite soldiers took to high ground, forcing theUtraquist cavalry to dismount to attack them, and also rendering their cannons ineffective. Taborite soldiers were eventually able to make a downhill charge and wipe out the remaining Utraquists. Here again, high ground played a crucial role in the outcome of the battle.However, getting the high ground is not always advantageous. In
Battle of Jieting of theThree Kingdoms period ofChina ,Shu Han forces occupied a hilltop, whereCao Wei forces soon surrounded and isolated the Shu forces from water supplies and reinforcements. The Shu forces suffered a humiliating defeat, and the Shu northern expedition had to be aborted.ee also
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Mountain warfare
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