Arbon

Infobox Swiss town
subject_name = Arbon
municipality_name = Arbon
municipality_type = municipality
imagepath_coa = |pixel_coa=


languages = German
canton = Thurgau
iso-code-region = CH-TG
district = Arbon
lat_d=47|lat_m=31|lat_NS=N|long_d=9|long_m=26|long_EW=E
postal_code = 9320
municipality_code = 4401
area = 5.9
elevation = 402|elevation_description=
population = 13118|populationof = December 2007 | popofyear = 2007
website = www.arbon.ch
mayor = Martin Klöti|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=
mayor_title = |list_of_mayors =
places = Fetzisloh, Frasnacht, Kratzern, Speiserlehn, Stachen
demonym =
neighboring_municipalities= Egnach, Roggwil, Berg, St. Gallen, Steinach, St. Gallen, Horn, St. Gallen
twintowns = Langenargen (Germany), Binn (Switzerland)|

Arbon is a municipality and district capital of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Geography

Arbon is situated on a peninsula on the southwest shore of Lake Constance between Romanshorn and Rorschach. On the south, the municipality borders the canton of St. Gallen. St. Gallen is the nearest larger city.

The surrounding hills are remaining moraines of the Rhine glacier that existed in prehistoric times.

The surrounding municipalities are (counter-clockwise from the north): Egnach, Roggwil, Berg, Steinach, and Horn. Lake Constance forms the municipality boundary on the northeast and east.

Although Arbon has an area of only 5.9 km², it is divided into six neighborhoods. The "Altstadt" is in the center and has the typical medieval buildings and narrow streets. Efforts have been made in recent years to reduce automobile traffic in the center. "Bergli" is named after the hill on which it lies. The southern part of Arbon started as a working-class neighborhood during industrialization. It includes the neighborhoods of "Neustadt", "Bleiche", and "Stacherholz". This industrial area has a limit placed on new development.

Stachen and Frasnacht are independent parts of the municipality that were incorporated in 1998. Stachen and Arbon have grown together, but there is still a rural stretch between Frasnacht and the other two.

Climate

Lake Constance assures that the climate in Arbon is mild, both summer and winter.

The warm winds from the west bring heavy rainfall as they meet the dry, cold, continental winds from the northeast. The warm "Föhn" that comes over the Alps from the south is felt as far as Arbon.

In the summer, warm electrical storms are common. Arbon has a storm warning system for boats on Lake Constance and works closely with neighboring towns.

Average January temperatures lie between 2º and 0°C. Average July temperatures range from 15º to 18°C. Average annual precipitation is between 80 and 100 cm.

The prevailing winds make Lake Constance a favorite for sailing and wind surfing.

In the winter, ponds and the lake slowly freeze. In 1963, Lake Constance froze over, something that only happens about every 100 years.

History

The shores of Lake Constance near Arbon have been inhabited since the Stone Age. Archaeological digs in 1885 and 1944 have uncovered stilt houses from the Stone and Bronze Ages. At first, it was assumed that these were built over water, since they were raised on stilts. However, it is now known that they were on the shore and were built in this fashion because the ground was swampy.

During Roman times, "Bergli" was probably a Roman fort. The raised situation and view over the lake were strategically important. Since 1957, regular excavations have shown the remains of late Roman fortifications. The Latin name of Arbon, "Arbor Felix" (meaning "happy tree"), first appears in the "Itinerarium Antonini" in 300.

According to the chronicles of Ammianus Marcellinus, Emperor Gratian went to Arbon in 378, and stayed there until 401.

In the 8th century, the area became part of the territory of the Franks.

In 610, Irish monks who were followers of Columban of Luxeuil settled in Arbon. They found a small Christian settlement called "Castrum" there. One of these monks was St. Gallus, the founder of the monastery of St. Gallen. He died in 627 in Arbon. In 720, a fortification on the site of the present castle was built by a Frankish troop. The foundations of this early fortress remain.

Ecclesiastically, Arbon belonged to the territory of the Bishop of Constance. In 1255, Bishop Eberhard von Waldburg gave Arbon a dispensation for market rights in the area and built the city wall. That century saw an influx of inhabitants from the surrounding farms. From 1262 to 1264, and again in 1266, the young Duke of Swabia, Conradin of Hohenstaufen, resided in Arbon because the Bishop of Constance was his guardian. The surrounding towns of Steinach, Mörschwil, Horn, Goldach, Egnach, Roggwil, and Steinebrunn all belonged to the parish of Arbon.

The 14th century saw further growth. Linen production and other crafts developed. Between 1322 and 1334, Bishop Rudolf von Montfort rebuilt the crumbling fortress. A fire of unknown cause in 1390 destroyed much of the "Altstadt". A second fire in 1494 was set by the sons of a hanged thief.

When Thurgau was conquered by the Swiss "Eidgenossen" in 1460, the Bishops of Constance retained Arbon. However, in the Swabian War of 1499, they lost civil rights over the territory, retaining only ecclesiastical supremacy. Arbon then became part of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

The castle of Arbon in its present form was built in 1515 by Bishop Hugo von Hohenlandenberg. The tower is older and dates to 993.

In 1525, the first stirrings of the Reformation reached Arbon. In 1537, the reformed congregation was forced to return the church of St. Martin to the Catholic church and meet in the chapel in Erdhausen, although only a small minority of the population remained Catholic. Religious conflict continued until the 18th century. In 1712, Thurgau declared equality for the various faiths.

In the 18th century, the linen and embroidery industry was established in Arbon. The industrialists built attractive villas in the area, such as the «Rotes Haus» built in 1750.

In 1798, Thurgau was occupied by French troops, along with much of the rest of Switzerland. The adoption of the Swiss constitution ended Arbon's dependence on the Bishops of Constance. The Bishop's representative, Franz Xaver Wirz von Rudenz, was forced to leave the city. In 1803, Arbon became part of the new canton of Thurgau. From 1803 to 1815, Arbon and Horn (an exclave in the canton of St. Gallen) were united in one municipality.

In the 19th century, Arbon developed into an economic and manufacturing center. This occurred primarily because of the pioneering efforts of industrialist Franz Saurer, who move his foundry from St. Gallen to Arbon in 1863. Starting in 1888, his factory built all kinds of machinery and motors. Until 1983, the factory produced trucks and buses, and until 1986 military vehicles. Today, the factory produces only textile machinery. At its high point, the factory employed 5000 workers. The population grew from 660 in 1844 to over 10,000 at the turn of the century.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Arbon has had a large non-Swiss minority. Tensions between ethnic groups led to riots with several fatalities in 1902.

In 1911, Arbon was the site of the International Socialist Congress. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the Social Democratic majority held power in the city, and it was known as "red Arbon".

Population

Between 1860 and 1910, the population grew extensively because of industrialization. Arbon became the biggest city in the canton of Thurgau. During World War II, the population shrank due to the proximity of Germany (just across Lake Constance) and flight from the frontiers. However, after the war, the population returned.

Today, because of the addition of Frasnacht, Stachen, Kratzern, Speiserlehn, and Fetzisloh, the population is about 13,100. Arbon is now the third-largest city in the canton, after Frauenfeld and Kreuzlingen. About 15-20 percent of the population is made up of foreign workers, mostly from Germany, Italy, and the former Yugoslavia.

Religion

Like many places in the canton of Thurgau, Arbon is divided between Lutheran/Reformed and Catholic. St. Martin is Catholic, as is the nearby Gallus Chapel. Bergli has a Lutheran church, and Freikirchen a Methodist one. Recently, there has been an influx of Moslems from the Balkans, particularly from Kosovo.

The population is divided religiously as follows:
*Lutheran 45%
*Catholic 45%
*Other Christians 4%
*Moslem 4%
*Other religions 2%

Government

In addition to the city council, Arbon has a 30-member city parliament. The current mayor is Martin Klöti.

Transportation

Since 1993, Arbon has had an entrance to the A1 motorway. This gives easy access to St. Gallen and Zürich. Before, there was only a curvy cantonal road.

Arbon is also on the sea line to Rorschach, Romanshorn, and Kreuzlingen. Two bus lines serve traffic to Amriswil and St. Gallen.

Notable residents

Among the notable people who have resided in Arbon are the following:
*Franz Saurer
*Adolph Saurer
*Hippolyt Saurer
*Heinrich Steinbeck

Gallery

External links

*http://www.arbon.ch
* [http://www.viva-stadt-arbon.ch City of Arbon]
*HDS|1852|Arbon

References