Kinkeshi

Kinkeshi (キン消し, lit. "Kin"niku"Eraser") is an extensive and popular line of collectible erasers, an instance of the modern Japanese popular culture institution of keshi. The keshi it includes are monochromatic and derived from the "Kinnikuman" (キン肉マン) anime and manga franchise, whose primary motif is professional wrestling.

The line was launched in Japan in 1983, and licensed in 1985 for the American market as M.U.S.C.L.E. (reflecting "Kinnikuman's" English title of "Muscleman"). M.U.S.C.L.E. used a harder rubber than Kinkeshi; its U.S. sequel, Ultimate Muscle, had a small release of about twenty Kinkeshi, though a larger run of figures using a plastic softer than M.U.S.C.L.E. but not eraser-like was released exclusivly in the USA.

History

Starting in Japan in 1983, Bandai's Kinkeshi line was two years later licensed to Mattel for exportation in United States and Canada where wrestling is popular; the line became "M.U.S.C.L.E." in North America.

Circa 1987, unlicensed Kinkeshi were marketed in Western-Europe, e.g. the "Exogini" in Italy and the "COSMIX" in France

The very same product, including later series figure though, was sold under various names in South Korea circa 1991. Fact|date=September 2008

However, France was the only country with Japan, to broadcast the "Kinnikuman" TV series (localized as "Muscleman") by that time. Later, a dubbed "Kinnikuman" version was broadcasted in Catalonia (Spain) as "Musculman" in the '90s. Its sequel, "Kinnikuman Nisei", appeared in the United States ("") in the early '00s. In South Korea, where the manga was early published by King Comics, "Kinnukuman" is known as "근육맨".Fact|date=September 2008

Few years later, a third Kinkeshi category appeared in the United States as Alien Wrestler and was available in Italy, were these Kinkeshi were freely included in a crisps brand's special offer. This Taiwan made bootleg line was an inferior gum quality compared to the first bootleg generation and featured the late "PART" series of the Kinkeshi line.

In 2003, Bandai America launched a new Kinkeshi series extension exclusively for the North American market. "Ultimate Muscle: The Kinnikuman Legacy", the American dubbed version of "Kinnikuman Second Generations", is actually more successful overseas than in Japan.

In 2004, an Alien Wrestler knockoff entitled Future Man was discovered in both mono-pink and multicolored varieties. The details of the figures were not as sharp as the official releases.

References

* [http://ulala69.hp.infoseek.co.jp/index.html Naochin's Kinkeshi Archives] Japanese site based on Kinkeshi/M.U.S.C.L.E. and other related Kinnikuman toys.
* [http://www.nathansmusclepage.com/collecting/muscleukarchive.asp Tortle's Muscle UK figure photo archive]
* [http://www.kinnikuman.com/ The American Kinnikuman Information Archive]
* [http://forums.kinnikuman.com/forums/index.php The AKIA forum, home of the Muscle community]
* [http://www.exogini.com/ Exogini Italian collector's tribute site]