Kanuri

ethnic group
group=Kanuri


poptime= 4 000 000
popplace= Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and northern Cameroon.
langs= Kanuri
rels= IslamThe Kanuri are an African ethnic group living in Bornu state in northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and northern Cameroon.

Name

Known as "Kanembu" in Chad and "Manga" in Niger, Kanuri speak the Kanuri language, a member of the Nilo-Saharan language family and are predominantly Sunni Muslim.

History and geography

Initially Pastoral Berber, the Kanuri were driven from North Africa by Arabs, moving to the area around Lake Chad in the late seventh century, and absorbed migrants from the Upper Nile. According to Kanuri tradition, Sef, son of Dhu Ifazan of Yemen, arrived in Kanem in the ninth century and united the population into the Sayfawa dynasty.

Religion

Kanuri became Muslims in the eleventh century, Kanem became a centre of Muslim learning and the Kanuri soon controlled all the area surrounding Lake Chad and a powerful empire called Kanem-Bornu Empire which reached its height in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when they ruled much of Central Africa.

Kanem-Bornu Empire

Following the downfall of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and the Scramble for Africa in the 19th century, the Kanuri were divided under the rule of the British, French and German African empires.

Kanuri nationalism began to emerge in 1950s, centred around Bornu, the least developed region in Nigeria. Pan-Kanowri nationalists claimed an area of 532, 460km² for the territory of Greater Kanowra, including the modern day prefectures of Lac and Kanem in Chad, Far North Province in Cameroon and the departments of Diffa and Zinder in Niger. In 1954, the Bornu Youth Movement (BYM) was founded to fight for the reunification of Greater Kanowra. The Biafran secession and civil war gave further encouragement to Kanowri nationalists and in November 1976 mass demonstrations in Bornu sought independence, including an armed insurrection by gun men attempting to establish a Kanuri government. The uprising was quashed by Nigerian troops but agitation for a Kanuri state continued, particularly by Kanembru refugees from North Chad. In 1992, protests in Maiduguri by Kanowri over Nigerian government attempts to expel Kanembu back to Chad and protests have continued for a Kanowra state.

National Identity

The Kanuri national flag is a horizontal tricolour of blue, yellow and green, representing the sky, the land and the water of Lake Chad.

References

*Minahan, J. (1996). "Nations Without States". Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313283540.