Susumu Ohno

Susumu Ohno

Susumu Ohno (February 1, 1928 – January 13, 2000), was an Asian American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and seminal researcher in the field of molecular evolution.

Biography

Susumu Ohno was born of Japanese parents in Seoul, Korea, on February 1, 1928. The second of five children, he was the son of the minister of education of the Japanese Viceroyship of Korea. The family returned to Japan after the war in 1945. Later he became a citizen of the United States of America. Susumu Ohno married Midori Aoyama in 1951. They had two sons and one daughter.

His passion for science derived from his life-long love of horses. He earned a Ph.D. in veterinary science at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in 1949, and later a Ph.D. and D.Sc. from Hokkaido University. He went to the United States in 1951, as a visiting scholar to UCLA, and in 1952 joined the new research department at City of Hope Medical Center, where he remained in active research until 1996.

Scientific contributions

Ohno postulated that gene duplication plays a major role in evolution in his classic book "Evolution by Gene Duplication" (1970) cite book
author=Susumu Ohno
year=1970
title=Evolution by gene duplication
publisher=Springer-Verlag
id=ISBN 0-04-575015-7] . While subsequent research has overwhelmingly confirmed the key role of gene duplication in molecular evolution, research to evaluate Ohno's model for the preservation of duplicate genes (now termed "neofunctionalization") is ongoing and very active. He also discovered in 1956 that the Barr body of mammalian female nuclei was in fact a condensed X chromosome cite journal
author=Ohno S, Kaplan WD, Kinosita R
title=Formation of the sex chromatin by a single X-chromosome in liver cells of Rattus norvegicus.
journal=Experimental cell research
year=1959
pages=415-418
volume=18
url=
pmid=14428474] . In "Evolution by Gene Duplication", he also suggested that vertebrate genome is the result of one or more entire genome duplications; variations of this idea have come to be known as the 2R hypothesis (also called "Ohno's hypothesis").

ee also

*Gene duplication
*Barr body
*paleopolyploidy

References

External links

* [http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/sohno.html Biographical memoir by Ernest Beutler]
* [http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ProduktNr=224037&Ausgabe=225343&ArtikelNr=14946&filename=14946.pdf Biography by Ulrich Wolf]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Susumu Ohno — (1er février 1928 – 13 janvier 2000) est un généticien américain d origine japonaise qui eut une grande influence en évolution moléculaire. Sommaire 1 Biographie 2 Contributions scientifiques 3 Références …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Susumu Ohno — Para el linguista, véase Susumu Ōno. Susumu Ohno Nacimiento 1 de febrero de 1928 Seúl, Corea Fallecimiento 13 de enero de 2000 Residencia EE.UU …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ohno — (大野, Ōno?) is a Japanese surname, sometimes instead written Ono or Ōno – see Ono (disambiguation). People with the surname Ohno Apolo Ohno, an American speed skater Kazuo Ohno, a Japanese butoh dancer and choreographer Susumu Ohno, an American… …   Wikipedia

  • Susumu — is a Japanese given name, and may refer to:* Susumu Chiba (born 1970), Japanese voice actor * Susumu Fujita (1912 1991), Japanese actor * Susumu Fukui (born 1947), Japanese Go player * Susumu Hani (born 1928), Japanese film director * Susumu… …   Wikipedia

  • Ohno — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Apolo Anton Ohno (* 1982), US amerikanischer Shorttrack Läufer Saori Ōhno (* 1970), japanische Pianistin Susumu Ohno (1928 2000), japanisch US amerikanischer Genetiker und Evolutionsbiologe Taiichi Ohno… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Susumu Ōno — For the biologist, see Susumu Ohno. Susumu Ōno (大野 晋, Ōno Susumu?, 1919 08 23 2008 07 14) was a Tokyo born linguist, specializing in the early history of the Japanese language Kokugogaku. He graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1943, where… …   Wikipedia

  • Ohno's law — For the Japanese lexical law, see Ōno s lexical law. Ohno s law was proposed by a Japanese biologist Susumu Ohno, saying that the gene content of the mammalian species has been conserved over species not only in the DNA content but also in the… …   Wikipedia

  • Ohno — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom.  Pour l’article homophone, voir Ono (homonymie). Ohno est un nom de famille notamment porté par : Apolo Anton Ohno, patineur de vitesse… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Protein music — is a musical genre or form, composed by converting protein sequences, such as genes, to musical notes. Contents 1 Theory 2 Practice 3 See also 4 Notes …   Wikipedia

  • Hipótesis 2R — La hipótesis 2R o hipótesis de Ohno fue enunciada por primera vez por Susumu Ohno en 1970. Es una hipótesis que suscita un encontrado debate en los campos de la genómica y la evolución molecular, y sugiere que los genomas de los linajes de los… …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/3142703 Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”