Noshir Gowadia

Noshir Sheriarji Gowadia, born in Bombay, India in 1944 is an Indian American design engineer of Parsi^[1] descent. One of the creators of the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber during a career at Northrop, he was arrested in 2005 on espionage-related federal charges. On August 9, 2010, he was convicted in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii on 14 of the 17 charges against him.^[2]

The U.S. government had accused Gowadia of selling classified information to the government of the People's Republic of China and sending classified information to individuals in Germany, Israel, and Switzerland.^[3][4]

Early career

Gowadia was born in India. He emigrated to the United States and is now a naturalized U.S. citizen. He joined Northrop in November 1968, and continued to work there until April 1986. As a design engineer, Gowadia was reportedly one of the principal designers of the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, who conceived and conceptually designed the B-2 Bomber's entire propulsion system and billed himself as the "father of the technology that protects the B-2 stealth bomber from heat-seeking missiles."^[5] In 1999, he founded N.S. Gowadia, Inc., his own consulting company.

Arrest on espionage-related charges

In October 2005, he was interviewed twice by the authorities, and his multi-million dollar^[6] home in Hawaii was searched. Later the same month, he was arrested, and charged with giving secret defense information to unauthorized parties. According to prosecutors, the information mostly related to the B-2 project, and at least eight foreign countries were shown documents relating to the B-2's stealth technology. In an affidavit, Gowadia admitted to transmitting classified information, and stated that he did so "to establish the technological credibility with the potential customers for future business." Gowadia was held without bail after his arrest.

On October 26, 2005, Gowadia was arrested and charged with one count of "willfully communicating delivering or transmitting national defense information to a person not entitled to receive it, which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation" in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii.^[7]

On November 8, 2006, a federal grand jury in Honolulu returned an 18-count superseding indictment against Gowadia. According to a press release from the Department of Justice:

The indictment charges Gowadia with "performing substantial defense related services for the People's Republic of China (PRC) by agreeing to design, and later designing, a low observable cruise missile exhaust system nozzle capable of rendering the missile less susceptible to detection and interception."

Count one of the superseding indictment charges Gowadia with conspiring to violate the Arms Export Control Act by entering into an illegal agreement to design and assist in the testing of the stealthy cruise missile nozzle. Count two charges Gowadia with the substantive act of performing a defense service for the PRC without first obtaining the necessary licensing approval of the U.S. Department of State. The superseding indictment describes six trips taken by Gowadia to the PRC for the purpose of discussing, designing and testing the stealthy cruise missile nozzle and describes contacts through covert email addresses between Gowadia and named co-conspirators, one of whom is alleged to be a representative of the PRC's "Foreign Experts Bureau." The superseding indictment also describes Gowadia's covert travel and entry into mainland China for the purpose of assisting the PRC in the development of the stealthy exhaust nozzle.

The superseding indictment also charges Gowadia with three counts of willfully communicating classified national defense information to PRC representatives with the intent that it be used to the advantage of the PRC or to the injury of the United States. The superseding indictment additionally charges Gowadia with two counts of willfully communicating classified national defense information which could be used to the advantage of the PRC, or the injury of the United States to persons in the PRC not entitled to receive it.^[8]

Gowadia was also charged with helping to design stealth technology for Chinese missiles, and with money laundering.

Trial

Gowadia's trial was scheduled for July 10, 2007^[9] but received a continuance until February 12, 2008, because Gowadia's new counsel had to be investigated by the United States Department of Justice for a security background check to allow him to use classified information as evidence at the trial.^[5][10] It was later reported that the trial had been postponed until October 2008,^[11] and then again postponed until January 21, 2009. A trial date for May 5, 2009 was delayed in order to assess if Gowadia was fit to stand trial on mental health grounds.^[10]

In November 2009, defense counsel psychology experts tried to establish that Gowadia suffers from narcissistic personality disorder but U.S. Magistrate Kevin S.C. Chang said in a ruling issued late Friday, November 20, that the testimony of the two defense witnesses - Richard Rogers, a forensic psychology professor at the University of North Texas, and Dr. Pablo Stewart, a psychiatry professor at the University of California, San Francisco - was not credible. The defendant's unwillingness to thoroughly consult with his lawyers does not equate with an inability to do so, Chang said. That challenging relationship between the defendant and his lawyers cannot and does not provide the basis to find the defendant incompetent, Chang added. Chief U.S. District Judge Susan Oki Mollway can accept or reject Chang's recommendation.^[12]

A trial was held in 2010. Open statements began on April 12, 2010. The trial included 39 days of often technical testimony and lasted nearly four months. Closing arguments took place on July 29, 2010. Assistant U.S. Attorney Ken Sorenson represented the government in the case, and defense attorney David Klein represented Gowadia.^[13][2] The jury deliberated for five and a half days before returning a guilty verdict on August 10, 2010.^[14] Sorenson, the prosecutor, later won the J. Michael Bradford Award of the National Association of Former United States Attorneys for his work in the case.^[15]

Although sentencing was set for November 22, 2010, and though Gowadia could have faced a sentence of life in prison.^[2] on January 24, 2011, he was sentenced to 32 years in prison.^[16]

Gowadia is currently incarcerated in the ADX Florence, with a release date of September 11, 2033.^[17]

See also

• William Kampiles - a CIA clerk who sold a KH-11 spy satellite manual to Russia
• Robert Hanssen - an FBI agent who sold classified information to Russia
• Aldrich Ames - a CIA agent who sold classified information to Russia

References

1. ^ http://www.avesta.org/zgroups.html
2. ^ ^{a b c} "US Engineer Convicted of Selling Secrets to China". America Online. http://www.aolnews.com/2010/08/09/us-engineer-convicted-of-selling-secrets-to-china/. Retrieved 9 August 2010. 
3. ^ "NRI charged with selling US army secrets to China." Times of India 24 November 2006.
4. ^ "Former B-2 Bomber Engineer Accused of More Spying". ABC News. November 10, 2006. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=2645205&page=1. 
5. ^ ^{a b} http://www.cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Noshir_Gowadia_Case.htm CI Center page on Gowadia
6. ^ Tax Map Key 2-8-011-010-0000 Maui County Real Property Tax Division
7. ^ "B-2 engineer awaits trial in secrets scandal." Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
8. ^ "Hawaii Man Indicted For Selling National Defense Secrets to the People's Republic of China" (press release). Edward H. Kubo, United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii. United States Department of Justice. 9 November 2006
9. ^ Son says father eager for trial Honolulu Advertiser
10. ^ ^{a b} CI_Center
11. ^ Chinese Spy 'Slept' In U.S. for 2 Decades
12. ^ Accused Spy's Sanity Debated Honolulu Advertiser November 20, 2009
13. ^ Audrey McAvoy, "Fed atty: Military secrets sold to pay for HI home" (July 30, 2010). Associated Press.
14. ^ Nelson Daranciang. "Maui man guilty in leak of B-2 secrets" (August 19, 2010). Star Advertiser.
15. ^ Mary Jacoby. "Hawaii Prosecutor Wins J. Michael Bradford Award for Chinese Espionage Case" (October 3, 2011). Main Justice.
16. ^ Engineer gets 32 years for military secrets sale
17. ^ "Inmate Locator." Federal Bureau of Prisons.

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Name	Gowadia, Noshir Sheriarji
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Date of birth	1944
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