Bayham Old Abbey

Bayham Old Abbey is an English Heritage property, situated near Lamberhurst, Kent, England. Founded c. 1207 through a combination of the failing Premonstratensian monasteries of Otham and Brockley , Bayham functioned as an abbey until its dissolution in the sixteenth century. The ruins were partially modified in the late eighteenth century, to provide a better landscape feature during landscaping of the Bayham Hall park, and were donated to the state in 1961.

Location

Bayham Abbey lies within the valley of the River Teise. Premonstratensian canons often preferred secluded areas for their monasteries, and Bayham was such a location. The river provided a water supply and adequate drainage. As Bayham was founded through the conjunction of two abbeys with different father houses - Sulby having founded Brockley and perhaps Durford being the father house of Otham - Prémontré Abbey took the paternity of the new monastery.

The Abbey today

The abbey ruins are currently maintained by English Heritage. They largely consist of partial walls, though the room layouts can still be seen, and there remains many examples of ornate capitals and other carved stonework; including stone frameworks from the three giant windows comprising the nave. The quality of the work is particularly fine for a late thirteenth-century Premonstratensian abbey.

The abbey is sited on the Kent/Sussex border and is presumed to have had an entrance in each county. The ruins of a gatehouse, known as the Kentish gate, is situated nearby on the grounds. No trace has been found of the corresponding Sussex gate. Other buildings, normally associated with abbeys, such as stables and barns, are yet to be located.

Abbey history

Bayham abbey was built from local sandstone in the first half of the thirteenth century by Premonstratensian canons. By the fifteenth century the original design had been enlarged with new transepts, though the original transepts are still visible within the structure.

The abbey was amongst the first to be dissolved, in 1538. Once Bayham was under the King's control, it was leased to Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, until Queen Elizabeth sold the estate outright. Following various changes in ownership, Bayham was finally sold to Sir John Pratt in 1714, and remained with that family until 1961, when it was donated to the English Heritage. A brief archaeological survey was published in "Journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology" 10 (1966:181-182). [ [http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/events.aspx?a=0&hob_id=412193 Bayham Abbey Ruin: Investigation History] .]

The Camden family, descended from the Pratts, built the Dower house (otherwise known as Bayham Old Abbey House), on the estate as the old residence. The new grounds were landscaped by Humphry Repton, who included within his plans the old abbey, which Samuel Hieronymus Grimm had sketched about 1785, emphasising the grand scale and picturesque character of its ivy-clad walls. [ [http://www.theweald.org/P2.asp?PID=5547Bayham Illustration] .] Some modifications were made to the abbey during this time, memorialised in one of Repton's most complete "Red Books", with the inscription "Application of Gardening and Architecture united, in the formation of a new place". [ [http://www.gardenvisit.com/g/bay2.htm Garden Visit guide: Bayham Abbey] ; the ruins were [http://www.theweald.org/M13.asp?PicIdto=9901612 engraved for Amsink's "Tunbridge Wells", 1809] .]

In 1872, the Camden family moved to the other side of the Teise valley, into the newly built Bayham Abbey House. The abbey remains as a picturesque landscape feature, and has been used for family infant burials.

Notes

References

cite book
last = Rigold
first = S.E.
others= Revisions by J. Coad,
year = 1974
title = Bayham Abbey (Guidebook)
publisher = English Heritage
id=ISBN 1-85074-248-0

cite book
last = Elvins
first = Mark Turnham
others=
year = 1981
title = Bayham Abbey 1182-1982: its founder and his family
publisher = Hove: Chichester Diocesan Fund and Board of Finance
id=

cite book
last =Colvin
first = H. M.
others=
year = 1951
title = The White Canons in England
publisher = OUP
id=

External links

* [http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConProperty.171 Official English Heritage site]
* [http://www.bayhamhall.com/home.htm Bayham Hall site]