Bruce Davidson (photographer)

Bruce Davidson (born September 5, 1933 in Oak Park, Illinois) is an American photographer. He has been a member of Magnum since 1958. His photographs, notably those taken in Harlem, have been widely exhibited and published in a number of books.

Biography

Youth

Bruce Davidson was born in Oak Park to a single mother who worked in a factory to support her two sons. His mother raised her children to be autonomous, while being sensitive and aware of the troubles of the less fortunate. At ten, Bruce Davidson began taking pictures, as he was given the freedom to wander the streets of Oak Park alone. Soon after, he approached a local photographer who taught him technical nuances of photography, in addition to lighting and printing skills. In his mid-teens, Davidson began to ride Chicago’s elevated train system into the city, exploring neighborhoods and the Chicago Loop, observing wide varieties of people, and most importantly developing skills and interests that would be seen in his later photographic works.

At sixteen, Davidson won his first major photography award, the Kodak National High School snapshot contest, with a picture of an owl at a nature preserve. Following high school, Davidson attended the Rochester Institute of Technology and Yale University, where one of his teachers was artist Josef Albers. Davidson showed Albers a box of prints of alcoholics on Skid Row; Albers told him to throw out his "sentimental" work and join his class in drawing and colour. For his college thesis, he created a photo essay that was published in "Life" in 1955, documenting the emotions of football players behind the scenes of the game.

Following college, Davidson was drafted into the army, served in the Signal Corps at Ft Huachuca, Arizona, attached to the post's photo pool. Initially he was given routine photo assignments. Undaunted, Davidson created out of seemingly mundane material unique photo studies. An editor of the post's newspaper, recognizing his unique talents, asked that he be permanently assigned to the post newspaper.Fact|date=July 2007 There, given a certain degree of autonomy, he was allowed to further hone his talents. Later, stationed in Paris, he met Henri Cartier-Bresson, a later colleague with Magnum Photos, sharing his portfolio and receiving advice from an accomplished photographer. While in France, Davidson produced a photo essay on the "Widow of Montmartre", an old Parisian woman.

Major works and joining Magnum Photos

After his military service, in 1957, Bruce Davidson worked briefly as a freelance photographer before joining Magnum Photos the following year. During the following few years, he photographed extensively, most notably producing "Brooklyn Gang" and "The Dwarf". From 1961 to 1965, Davidson produced one of his most famous bodies of work as he chronicled the events and effects of the Civil Rights Movement around the country, in both the North and the South. In support of his project, Davidson received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1962 and his finished project was displayed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Upon the completion of his documentation of the Civil Rights Movement, Davidson received the first ever photography grant from the National Endowment for the Arts.

Exploration of New York City

Bruce Davidson’s next project, "East 100th Street", is perhaps his most famous. Considered a modern classic,Fact|date=July 2007 "East 100th Street" was a two-year documentation of an infamousvague|Infamous for what? block in East Harlem. This project was also displayed at the Museum of Modern Art. Davidson followed this with "Subway", a classic portrayal of the New York subway system in the late 1970s. Using color to convey mood, Davidson documented a gritty and lively urban underworld. Over a decade later, in the early 1990s, Davidson completed a four-year exploration of Central Park as a beautiful and grand homage to New York City.

Recent activities

In 1998, Davidson returned to "East 100th Street" to document the revitalization, renewal, and changes that occurred in the thirty years since he last documented it. For this visit he presented a community slide show and received an Open Society Institute Individual Fellowship Award. In addition to his best known publications, many of Davidson’s lesser known works have appeared around the world and in many museums. Recently,Vague|When? a book has appeared of Davidson’s portraits of people such as John Cage, Marilyn Monroe, Leonard Bernstein, Kiki Smith, Fannie Lou Hamer, Andy Warhol, and Jack Kerouac. To this day, Davidson continues to work as an editorial photographer. His photographs appear around the world and in many museums. Also, Davidson has directed two award-winning short films, a documentary titled "Living off the Land" and a more surreal tale titled "Isaac Singer’s Nightmare and Mrs. Pupko’s Beard". He lives in New York City with his wife, Emily.

Common themes in Davidson's photography

Bruce Davidson photographs people on an eye-to-eye level, portraying and inducing powerful emotion, while focusing his lens on people in the midst of transition and a search for meaning.

In all of Davidson’s works, instead of objectifying his subjects -- as objects of pity, subjects of curiosity, or specimens for analysis -- he humanizes them, portraying them with a sense of vigor and vitality, as we are given insight to their lives, struggles, and desires.Fact|date=July 2007 In particular, Davidson often documents the human search for meaning among people who face potentially ruinous social obstacles and economic strife. This type of documentation is especially evident in "East 100th Street, Brooklyn Gang," and Davidson’s Civil Rights Era photography.

He induces and portrays powerful emotion in all of his major works;Fact|date=July 2007 emotions such as loneliness, despair, love, determination, and uncertainty, while his realism induces social concern and sympathy for complete strangers.

Bruce Davidson is extremely adeptFact|date=July 2007 at documenting people or subjects in transition, whether rebellious teenagers coming of age, persecuted people fighting for equality, the urban poor amid soon-to-be demolished tenements, a gritty underworld soon to be sterilized, a traveling circus soon to be disbanded, or the passage of the seasons amid the magnificence, grandeur, and human heartache evident within Central Park.

Davidson creates an expression of the human condition by capturing his diverse subjects and settings in a personal and lyrical visual language, as he is able to transcend race, culture, and background, thereby uniting all his subjects in a shared poetic human experience.Fact|date=July 2007 He allows us to see both beauty and pieces of ourselves in wide ranges of people. Through Davidson’s works we see how everyone shares similar experiences, how we are all united, and therefore how everyone can truly relate to one another.

Analysis of major works

Brooklyn Gang

Bruce Davidson’s 1959 project "Brooklyn Gang" is an intimate photographic study of a rebellious Brooklyn teenage gang, who called themselves "The Jokers". Davidson was able to document their candid manifestations of worry, energy, enthusiasm, anger, and occasional sadness. The gang seemed to exist in their own secluded world, meandering from Coney Island to diners and taxicabs, anxiously moving forward with an unknown future and unknown goals. Some of them were even thoroughly troubled: one member died from a heroin overdose a few years after Davidson left them. Not only is Davidson’s work a sincere portrayal of troubled teenagers coming of age, but it also acts as a documentation of teenage life during 1950s, exposing the emotional climate of that time period and exposing the dark side of a supposedly innocent time period.

Civil Rights Movement

Davidson’s documentation of the Civil Rights Movement for several years in the early 1960s was a complete examination of the turbulent period and the epic and defiant journey of self-discovery. He chronicled the period by photographing both the North and the South, black people and white people, the failure and the triumph, the love and the hate, and finally, the passion, tyranny, and bold defiance. A unique and particularly powerful section of Bruce Davidson’s Civil Rights photography is his portraiture of a 110-year-old woman, born a slave and able to live long enough to witness the height of the Civil Rights Movement. Bruce Davidson’s comprehensive Civil Rights photography captures the heart of an extraordinary movement and a tumultuous period.Fact|date=July 2007

East 100th Street

Davidson’s powerful and affecting late 1960s photography on "East 100th Street" remains a classic documentation of the American ghetto. This honest and emotional workFact|date=July 2007 truly ventured into the lives of resilient residents dealing with poverty, rising drug abuse, crime, decay, and abandonment. It explored all aspects of the block, photographic both interior spaces and life on the street, approaching everything with a level of dignity and respect. In this work, we are able to see Davidson’s photographic eye and his ability to spot minor details that many others would not recognize, as he captures gentleness and vitality within an outwardly rundown and rough environment. His work shows the triumph of the human spirit, depicting the great obstacles that people face, as they go about their daily lives and search for their place in the grand scheme of things.

Central Park and Subway

Both "Central Park" and "Subway" act as metaphors for a larger human experience, as the somewhat surreal images showcase extreme diversity and a theater of human behavior. The dark moody images from "Subway", laden with lighting effects, showcase the grit, beauty, and strong ambiance of New York’s colorful underworld. By using an extreme wide-angle lens and utilizing light and color to accentuate subjects, Davidson also takes a stylistic leap in "Subway," whereas in "Central Park" he depicts the park as a magical and ethereal setting, a place of renewal in the middle of one of the world’s largest cities. He shows the convergence of people from completely different classes and backgrounds, from the homeless to privileged, the young and the old, to the homosexuals and the oddballs.

Books by Davidson

"This list is incomplete."
*"Isaac Bashevis Singer and the Lower Eastside: Photographs by Bruce Davidson. Soft ISBN 0-299-20624-6
*"East 100th Street." Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970. Hard ISBN 0674224353; soft ISBN 0674224361.
**Expanded edition: Los Angeles, St Ann's Press, 2003. ISBN 0971368139.

*"Subway." Aperture Foundation, Inc., 1986. ISBN 0893812315.
**Expanded edition: Los Angeles, St Ann's Press, 2003. ISBN 097136818X.

*"Portraits." Aperture Foundation, Inc., 1991. Hard ISBN 0893818518.

ources

* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9029488/Bruce-Davidson "Encyclopedia Britannica"]

=See also=
* Photographers of the American Civil Rights Movement

External links

* [http://www.art-dept.com/artists/davidson/bio/bio.html Biography]
* [http://www.photobookguide.com/review/bruce-davidson/subway/ Review of Bruce Davidson's "Subway"]