- By any means necessary
By any means necessary is a translation of a phrase coined by the French intellectual
Jean Paul Sartre in his playDirty Hands . It is generally considered to leave open all available tactics for the desired ends, including violence; however, the “necessary” qualifier adds a caveat—if violence is not necessary, then presumably, it should not be used.cquote2|I was not the one to invent lies: they were created in a society divided by class and each of us inherited lies when we were born. It is not by refusing to lie that we will abolish lies: it is by eradicating class "by any means necessary".|Jean Paul Sartre|"Dirty Hands": act 5, scene 3. 1963 [cite web
url = http://www.bartleby.com/66/20/48220.html
title = NUMBER: 48220
publisher = The Columbia World of Quotations
author =
date =
accessdate = 2007-01-28 ]It entered the popular culture through a speech given by
Malcolm X in the last year of his life.:cquote2|We declare our right on this earth to be a man, to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence "by any means necessary".|Malcolm X|1965 [cite book
last = Malcolm X
first =
authorlink= Malcolm X
coauthors =
title = By Any Means Necessary (Malcolm X Speeches & Writings)
year = 1992
publisher = Pathfinder Press
location = New York
isbn = 0873487540]References
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