Sicilian-American

Sicilian Americans are a subset of Italian Americans from Sicily or of Sicilian heritage. They are sometimes treated as a separate group due to cultural and historical differences between Sicily and the mainland. See History of Sicily, Sicilian language, and Music of Sicily for more information on aspects distinctive to Sicily.

The first Sicilians came to what is now the United States in the seventeenth century as explorers and missionaries. Sicilian immigration to the US then grew substantially in the period starting in the 1880s and in 1906 as many as a 100,000 Sicilians came to the US. By 1924, immigration restrictions had caused this to plummet. This period saw political and economic shifts in Sicily that made emigration desirable. A great portion of the Sicilian immigrants would settle in New York City, New Jersey, Chicago, Boston, New Orleans, San Diego and San Francisco.

Elements of Sicilian culture came with them such as theatre and music. Giovanni De Rosalia was a noted Sicilian American playwright in the early period and farce was popular in several Sicilian dominated theatres. In music Sicilian Americans would be linked, to some extent, to jazz. Many of the more popular cities for Sicilian immigrants, like New Orleans or Chicago, are pivotal in the history of jazz. In Chicago the predominately Sicilian neighborhood was called "Little Sicily" and in New Orleans it was "Little Palermo." One of the earliest, and among the most controversial, figures in jazz was Nick LaRocca, who was of Sicilian heritage. For more on Sicilians in jazz see and the list mentioned at the bottom of the page.

Sicilian-Americans immigrants faced stereotypes and discrimination, sometimes even from other Italians. Tensions between Italian regions had not been entirely resolved with unification and so northern Italians had sayings that indicated Sicilians were untrustworthy and ethnically different, with northern Italians having blonde hair and blue eyes at a noticeably higher frequency than Sicilians, who, in general, tend to display darker features. A more persistent stereotype linked them to the mafia, and continues to perpetuate through films such as The Godfather that portray Sicilians in this light. As the mafia is of Sicilian origin, Sicilian Americans were stereotyped as mafia-linked to an even greater degree than Italian Americans in general. Even if unfair the rationalization for it was that the Mafia itself is traditionally stronger in Sicily than it is in the rest of Italy, although that is no longer the case.

The Sicilian adjective mafiusu may derive from the Arabic mahyas, meaning "aggressive boasting, bragging", or marfud meaning "rejected". Roughly translated, it means "swagger", but can also be translated as "boldness, bravado". The Sicilian Mafia calls themselves Cosa Nostra (meaning "thing of ours"), based in Sicily.

Despite stereotypic pressures, Sicilian Americans have continued to thrive in the cultural climate of America, with many actors, directors, musicians, athletes, politicians, and intellectuals of notable prominence.

ee also

*List of Sicilian Americans
*List of Sicilian American jazz musicians

External links

* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2278/is_3_28/ai_110473961 Re-inventing Sicily in America]
* [http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Sicilian-Americans.html Every culture.com]
* [http://www.arbasicula.org/ Arba Sicula (A Sicilian American organization)] scn icon en icon
* [http://www.dieli.net/SicilyPage/SicilianTheatre/siculumiricani.html Sicilian American Theater]

European Americans