Richard Poore

Infobox bishopbiog
name =Richard Poore


religion =Catholic
See =Diocese of Durham
Title = Bishop of Durham
Period = 1229–1237
Predecessor = William Scot
Successor =Thomas of Melsonby
ordination =
bishops = Bishop of Chichester
Bishop of Salisbury
post =Dean of Salisbury
date of birth =
place of birth =
date of death =15 April 1237
place of death =Tarrant Keyneston, Dorset

Richard Poore (or Richard Poor) (d. 15 April 1237) was a medieval English clergyman best known for his role in the construction of Salisbury Cathedral.

Early life

He was probably the son of Richard of Ilchester, also known as Richard Toclive, who served as Bishop of Winchester. [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34219 British History Online Bishops of Salisbury] accessed on 30 October 2007] He was also the brother of Herbert Poore, Bishop of Salisbury from 1194 to 1217. [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34220 British History Online Deans of Salisbury] accessed on 30 October 2007] Richard studied under Stephen Langton at Paris.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 163] Richard Poore became Dean of Salisbury in 1197, and unsuccessfully was nominated to the see of Winchester in 1205 [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33876 British History Online Bishops of Winchester] accessed on 2 November 2007] and the see of Durham in 1213. [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33859 British History Online Bishops of Durham] accessed on 25 October 2007] His election to Durham was disallowed by Pope Innocent III before it was made public, probably because the pope knew that King John wished for the translation of his advisor John de Gray from the see of Norwich to Durham.Harper-Bill "John and the Church" "King John" p. 310] During the Interdict on England during King John's reign, Richard returned to Paris to teach until the interdict was lifted.Hoskin, Philippa "Poor, Richard (d. 1237)" "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/22525 Online Edition] accessed 26 November 2007]

It was probably during these years before he held an epicopal office that he completed Osmund's "Institutio", as well as his own works the "Ordinale" and the "Consuetudinarium". The "Institutio" detailed the duties of the cathedral clergy at Salisbury, along with their rights. The "Ordinale" covered the liturgy, and how the various specialised services interacted with the basic divine service. The last work, the "Consuetudinarium", gave the customs of Salisbury itself. Both the "Consuetudinarium" and the "Ordinale" were basically guides to the Sarum Rite, the usual form of liturgy in thirteenth century England. While he was dean, he also encouraged Robert of Flamborough to write a penitential.Mortimer "Angevin England" p. 201]

He was Bishop of Chichester in 1215, being elected about 7 JanuaryFryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 239] and consecrated on 25 January at Reading. [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34293 British History Online Bishops of Chichester] accessed on 20 October 2007] He attended the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 237] He also served as one of the executors of King John's estate.

Bishop of Salisbury

His brother, Herbert Poore, died in 1217, and Richard succeeded to his position as Bishop of Salisbury by 27 June.Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 270] He owed his move to the see of Salisbury to the papal legate, Cardinal Guala Bicchieri. It was during this time that he oversaw and helped plan the construction of the new Salisbury Cathedral as a replacement for the old cathedral at Old Sarum.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 236] He also laid out the town of Salisbury in 1219, to allow the workers building the cathedral a less cramped town than the old garrison town at Old Sarum.Mortimer "Angevin England" p. 175] The cathedral, however, was not dedicated until 1258.Mortimer "Angevin England" p. 227]

It was while he was at Salisbury that he issued his "Statutes of Durham", which derived their name from the fact that he reissued them after being moved to the see of Durham. These statutes were influential on many other episcopal legislation.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 236-238] Prestwich "Plantagenet England" p. 99] He also welcomed the first Franciscan friars to Salisbury around 1225.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 370] He also served as a royal justice in 1218 and 1219. In 1223, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester, Ranulph earl of Chester, and Falkes de Breauté, Richard helped Hubert de Burgh take over the government, along with Stephen Langton and Jocelin of Wells bishop of Bath and Wells. The four men worked together to govern England for the next five years.

While he was at Salisbury, he took part in the translation of St Wulfstan's in 1218, and in the translation of Saint Thomas Becket's relics in 1220. At the later event, he was the only other bishop besides Stephen Langton to actually examine Becket's body. Richard also petitioned Pope Gregory IX to have the first bishop of Salisbury, Osmund de Sees canonized, but was unsuccessful. Osmund was eventually made a saint in 1457.

Bishop of Durham

He was translated to the see of Durham on 14 May 1228.Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 241] With his move to Durham, he withdrew from royal service, although he was briefly back in service when Peter des Roches returned to power in late 1232 and early 1233. At Durham, he inherited a quarrel between the bishop and the cathedral chapter that mainly involved the election of the prior and the right of the bishop to undertake visitations of the priory. The quarrel had begun under Richard Marsh, and had led to appeals to the papal curia from the monks. Soon after coming to Durham, Richard issued a set of detailed constitutions that governed many of the relations between the bishop, the prior, and the cathedral chapter that was the basis of church government in Durham until the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII of England.

Legacy and death

In 1220, while he was bishop of Salisbury, he ordered his clergy to instruct a few children so that the children might in turn teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers. He also had the clergy preach every Sunday that children should not be left alone in a house with a fire or water.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 81-82] Also during his time in Salisbury, he promoted the education of boys by endowing some schoolmasters with benefices provided they did not charge for instruction.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 105] In 1237, Richard established a retirement house for the old and infirm clergy of the diocese of Durham.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 202] Richard was also an opponent of pluralism, the holding of more than one benefice at the same time. He not only held that a clerk receiving a new benefice should give up the old one, but that if the clerk protested about the loss, he should lose both benefices.Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 220] He also decreed that the clergy should not be involved in "worldly business".Moorman "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" p. 232] Poore House at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury is named in honor of his legacy to Salisbury schools.

He died on 15 April 1237 at the manor of Tarrant Keyneston in Dorset. His tomb was claimed for both Durham and Salisbury, but most likely he was buried in the church at Tarrant Keynseton which was what he had wished.

Notes

References

* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34293 British History Online Bishops of Chichester] accessed on 20 October 2007
* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33859 British History Online Bishops of Durham] accessed on 25 October 2007
* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34219#n11 British History Online Bishops of Salisbury] accessed on 20 October 2007
* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33876 British History Online Bishops of Winchester] accessed on 2 November 2007
* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34220 British History Online Deans of Salisbury] accessed on 30 October 2007
*
*
* Hoskin, Philippa "Poor, Richard (d. 1237)" "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/22525 Online Edition] accessed 26 November 2007
* Moorman, John R. H. "Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century" Revised Edition Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 1955
* Mortimer, Richard "Angevin England 1154-1258" Oxford: Blackwell 1994 ISBN0-631-16388-3
* Prestwich, Michael "Plantagenet England 1225-1360" Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-922687-0

Persondata
NAME= Poore, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Poor, Richard
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Bishop of Chichester; Bishop of Salisbury; Bishop of Durham
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=15 April 1237
PLACE OF DEATH= Tarrant Keyneston, Dorset