Pierre Bretonneau

Pierre Bretonneau

Infobox Scientist
name = PAGENAME
box_width =


image_width =150px
caption = PAGENAME
birth_date = 3 April 1778
birth_place = Saint-Georges-sur-Cher
death_date = 1862
death_place =
residence =
citizenship =
nationality = French
ethnicity =
field =
work_institutions =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for =
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Pierre-Fidèle Bretonneau (3 April 1778 – 1862) was a French medical doctor of the early 19th century.

Biography

Born 3 April 1778 at Saint-Georges-sur-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher département. His father was a surgeon. He studied with his uncle, the vicar at Chenonceaux (Indre-et-Loire) department along with the children of the Chenonceau château. Madame Dupin the grandmother of George Sand, financed his medical studies in Paris.

He married Madame Dupin's lecturer and settled in Renaudière in Chenonceaux (the Renaudière is currently a restaurant and hotel). Very curious and clever, he had a laboratory at his disposal and occupied himself with gardening and other manual labours in his spare time.

He was the mayor of Chenonceaux from 1803 to 1807. He spent 15 years at Chenonceaux gaining experience, wrote his thesis in medicine in 1815 and then became medical director at the hospital in Tours; which currently bears his name. He continued his study of disease and founded the medical school at Tours.

Dr. Bretonneau died in 1862. He is buried in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, near Tours.

Significance to medicine

Dr. Bretonneau is one of the pioneers of modern medicine. He identified typhoid fever and named diphtheria. His students included Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau, and Armand Trousseau.

He performed the first successful tracheotomy in 1825, distinguished between scarlet fever and diphtheria in 1826. He studied disease in detail and was the first to think that disease was caused by bacteria in 1855, however, a microscope was not available to him and he was unable to confirm his hypothesis. He also discovered that the same illness could manifest itself differently in different patients. It was the beginning of "scientific medicine": where careful observation is used to find cures for sickness and solutions to problems.

Trivia

* The faculty of medicine in Tours is decorated with three large bronze medallions representing Bretonneau, Velpeau and Trousseau.
* His bust is on display at the city hall in Saint-Georges-sur-Cher.
* The Grévin Museum in Tours has created a reenactment of an anatomy lesson given by Bretonneau, Velpeau and Trousseau.

References

* Emile Aron, "Bretonneau, le médecin de Tours", 1979, Editions C.L.D.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Pierre Bretonneau — Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau, né à Saint Georges sur Cher le 3 avril 1778 et mort le 18 février 1862 à Passy, est un médecin français du début du XIXe siècle, professeur à l’École de médecine de Tours, médecin en chef de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau — Pierre Bretonneau Article de la série Histoire des sciences Chronologie Chronologie des sciences Chronologie de l astronomie …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pierre-Jean de Béranger — Naissance 1780 Paris Décès 1857 (à 77 ans) Paris …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pierre-Jean de Beranger — Pierre Jean de Béranger Pierre Jean de Béranger Naissance 1780 Paris Décès 1857 (à 77 ans) Paris …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pierre-jean de béranger — Naissance 1780 Paris Décès 1857 (à 77 ans) Paris …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pierre Jean de Béranger — Naissance 1780 Paris Décès 1857 (à 77 ans) Paris …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bretonneau — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Patronyme Bretonneau est un nom de famille notamment porté par : François de Paule Bretonneau (1660 1741), librettiste et dramaturge d’opéras… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bretonneau — Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau (* 3. April 1778 in Saint Georges sur Cher, bei Tours; † 18. Februar 1862 in Passy, heute zu Paris) war ein französischer Arzt. Bretonneau war ein Vertreter der Pariser Schule der Klinischen Medizin. Er beschrieb die… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pierre Fidèle Bretonneau — (* 3. April 1778 in Saint Georges sur Cher, bei Tours; † 18. Februar 1862 in Passy, heute zu Paris) war ein französischer Arzt. Bretonneau war ein Vertreter der Pariser Schule der Klinischen Medizin. Er beschrieb die Diphtherie, die früher auch… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • BRETONNEAU (P. F.) — BRETONNEAU PIERRE FIDÈLE (1778 1862) Médecin français né dans une famille comptant de nombreux médecins. La Révolution ne facilite pas les études que Bretonneau poursuit sans aborder ni le grec ni le latin. Il entre à l’École de santé de Paris,… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”