Biblidinae

Taxobox
name = Biblidinae


image_width = 240px
image_caption = Orange-banded shoemaker butterfly "Catonephele orites"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Lepidoptera
unranked_familia = Rhopalocera
superfamilia = Papilionoidea
familia = Nymphalidae
subfamilia = Biblidinae
subfamilia_authority = Boisduval, 1833
subdivision_ranks = Tribes
subdivision =
* Ageroniini
* Biblidini
* Callicorini
* Epicaliini
* Epiphilini
* Eubagini
* and see text.

Biblidinae is a subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but the two taxa are now recognized as distinct groupings. The Biblidinae are a stable, monophyletic group. In older literature, it was known as Eurytelinae. Currently (2008), there are 343 valid species in the subfamily, placed in 38 valid genera. Most species of Biblidinae are neotropical, but some Old World species and genera in Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Biblidinae classification

Six tribes are recognized in the Biblidinae, and all are supported for monophyly. Radical changes are not expected in the taxonomy of this subfamily. The sister group to the Biblidinae is probably the Apaturinae and/or Nymphalinae.

* Source: [http://www.nymphalidae.net/Classification/Higher_class.htm The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net]
* Note: Names preceded by an equal sign ( = ) are synonyms, homonyms, rejected names or invalid names.

Subfamily Biblidinae Boisduval, 1833
* Biblidini Boisduval, 1833
** "Biblis" Fabricius 1807 ( = "Zonaga" Billberg 1820)
** "Ariadne" Horsfield 1829 ( = "Ergolis" Boisduval 1836)
** "Laringa" Moore 1901
** "Eurytela" Boisduval 1833
** "Neptidopsis" Aurivillius 1898
** "Mesoxantha" Aurivillius 1898
** "Byblia" Hübner 1819 ( = homonym "Hypanis" Boisduval 1833)
** "Mestra" Hübner 1825 ( = "Cystineura" Boisduval 1836)
** "Archimestra" Munroe 1949
** "Vila" Kirby 1871 ( = homonym "Neptis" Hübner 1819; = homonym "Olina" Doubleday 1848; = "Lonia" d'Almeida 1946)
* Epicaliini Guenée, 1865
** "Catonephele" Hübner 1819 ( = homonym "Epicalia" Doubleday 1844; = homonym "Epicalia" Boisduval 1870)
** "Nessaea" Hübner 1819 ( = "Polychroa" Billberg 1820; = homonym "Epicallia" Erichson 1848)
** "Myscelia" Doubleday 1844 ( = homonym "Sagaritis" Hübner 1821; = "Sea" Hayward 1950)
** "Sevenia" Kocak 1996 ( = homonym "Crenis" Boisduval 1833; = homonym "Sallya" Hemming 1964)
** "Eunica" Hübner 1819 ( = "Evonyme" Hübner 1819; = homonym "Eunice" Geyer 1832; = homonym "Callianira" Doubleday 1847; = homonym "Faunia" Poey 1847; = homonym "Amycla" Doubleday 1849; = "Libythina" Felder 1861)
** "Cybdelis" Boisduval 1836
* Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847
** "Hamadryas" Hübner 1806 ( = invalid name "Apatura" Illiger 1807; = "Ageronia" Hübner 1819; = "Philocala" Billberg 1820; = "Peridromia" Lacordaire 1833; = "Peridromia" Boisduval 1836; = "Amphichlora" Felder 1861)
** "Ectima" Doubleday 1848
** "Panacea" Godman & Salvin 1883 ( = homonym "Pandora" Doubleday 1848)
** "Batesia" Felder & Felder 1862
* "Epiphilini" Jenkins, 1987
** "Asterope" Hübner 1819 ( = "Callithea" Feisthamel 1835; = homonym "Callithea" Boisduval 1836; = "Cyane" Felder 1861)
** "Pyrrhogyra" Hübner 1819 ( = "Corybas" Westwood 1850; = "Corybas" Boisduval 1870)
** "Epiphile" Doubleday 1844 ( = homonym "Epiphile" Boisduval 1870)
** "Lucinia" Hübner 1823 ( = invalid name "Autodea" Westwood 1850)
** "Bolboneura" Godman & Salvin 1877
** "Temenis" Hübner 1819 ( = "Callicorina" Smart 1975; = homonym "Paromia" Hewitson 1861)
** "Nica" Hübner 1826 ( = "Pseudonica" Kirby 1901)
** "Peria" Kirby 1871 ( = homonym "Pelia" Doubleday 1849)
* Eubagini Burmeister, 1878
** "Dynamine" Hübner 1819 ( = "Sironia" Hübner 1823; = "Eubagis" Boisduval 1832; = "Arisba" Doubleday 1847)
* "Callicorini" Orfila, 1952
** "Diaethria" Billberg 1820 ( = "Corecalla" Röber 1916)
** "Callicore" Hübner 1819 ( = "Catagramma" Boisduval 1836)
** "Perisama" Doubleday 1849 ( = "Orophila" Staudinger 1886)
** "Antigonis" Felder 1861 ( = "Lincoya" Kirby 1871)
** "Cyclogramma" Doubleday 1847
** "Haematera" Doubleday 1849 ( = "Callidula" Hübner 1819)
** "Paulogramma" Dillon 1948
** "Catacore" Dillon 1948

Notable Biblidinae species

* Angled Castor, "Ariadne ariadne"
*"Biblis hyperia" (see: Torres Bauzá, J. A. (2000). Ciclo de vida de "Biblis hyperia" (Cramer) en Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). "Caribbean Journal of Science, 36"(1-2), 87-93.)
*"Eunica monima"
*"Eunica tatila "
*"Myscelia cyananthe"
*"Myscelia ethusa"
*"Nessaea obrina"
*"Hamadryas" species
*"Epiphile adrasta"
*"Dynamine dyonis"
*"Dynamine tithia"
* Anna's Eighty-eight, "Diaethria anna"
*"Diaethria asteria"
*"Diaethria clymena"

Important publications for Biblidinae taxonomy

* Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of "Panacea" and "Batesia" butterflies (Nymphalidae). "Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56", 199-215.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of "Hamadryas". "Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 81", 1-146.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of "Myscelia". "Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 87", 1-64.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of "Catonephele". "Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 92", 1-65.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of "Ectima". "Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 95", 1-30.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of "Epiphile". "Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 101", 1-70.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of "Asterope" (=Callithea Auct.). "Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 114", 1-66.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of "Nessaea". "Bull. Allyn Mus. (Gainesville), 125", 1-38.
* Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of "Eunica". "Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 131", 1-177.

External links

* [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/biblidinae/index.html Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms] : Preliminary species list. Version of 2007-MAR-18. Retrieved 2007-MAY-30.
* [http://www.pteron-world.com/topics/classfication/nymphalidae/limenitidinae/biblini/biblinae.html Pteron] Misspelt as Biblinae.Images. In Japanese but binomial names.