- Kassel conversations
Kassel conversations (in German: "Kasseler Gespräche") is the conventional name of an early medieval text preserved in a manuscript from c.
810 . It is held today in the university library ofKassel ,Germany (Ms. 4° theol. 24). It contains several parts, among them an "Exhortatio ad plebem christianam", an instructional theological text in Latin. The part that has been of most interest for modern scholarship is that of the so-called Kassel glosses, one of the earliest written documents of theOld High German language.The Kassel glosses are a collection of words and short phrases translated from Latin to Old High German. They appear to have been meant as a practical tool to help speakers of
Romance languages learn German. Among them are everyday phrases such as orders given to servants "("shave my beard")," questions and answers for basic communication "("do you understand? No, I don't")," and a few fragmentary grammar paradigms "("I understand, you understood, we understood")." The most famous entry, however, is a jocular xenophobic jibe in Latin and German:
*Latin: "Stulti sunt romani sapienti sunt paioari modica est sapientia in romana plus habent stultitia quam sapientia."
*Old High German: "Tole sint uualha, spahe sint peigira; luzic ist spahe in uualhum mera hapent tolaheiti denne spahi."
*Translation: "Roman ('Walh ') people are stupid, Bavarians are smart; there is little smartness in the Romans, they have more stupidity than smartness."The manuscript is written on 60 sheets of parchment. Based on the scribal hands and the forms of the
Carolingian minuscule employed, it is believed that the text was written by two different scribes from the area ofRegensburg in around810 . Parts of the text have a parallel in a second manuscript held inSt Gallen ,Switzerland .The manuscript came to Kassel from
Fulda in1632 . It was mentioned for the first time byJohann Heinrich Hottinger in his work "Historica ecclesiastica novi testamenti" from 1637. The first scholarly study of the manuscript was done byWilhelm Grimm in1846 . Grimm made the mistake of re-drawing the text with a modern ink to make the writing more legible. This has caused some permanent damage to the fragile material.References
* Wilhelm Braune und Ernst A. Ebbinghaus (Hgg.): "Althochdeutsches Lesebuch", Tübingen 1968
* Horst Brunner: "Geschichte der deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters im Überblick (= RUB 9485)", Stuttgart 2003, S.51
* Wilhelm Grimm: "Exhortatio ad plebem christianam. Glossae Cassellanae", in: Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Phil.-hist. Klasse 1846, Seite 425-537, Berlin 1848
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