- Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate
Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (PGPR), E476, is an
emulsifier made fromcastor bean s which reduces theviscosity ofchocolate and similar coatings and compounds. It works by decreasing thefriction between the particles ofcacao ,sugar ,milk , etc. present so that they can flow more easily when melted. It is used at low levels (fractions of percents.)Use in chocolate candy bars
It is primarily used to reduce the fat content of chocolate. Since
2006 , commercial-grade candy bars, such as those made byHersheys andNestle , made an industry-wide switch to include PGPR as an ingredient - a possible indicator of a cost saving measure by the commercial chocolate industry. Makers of PGPR (see source link below) such asDanisco andPalsgaard indicate that PGPR can be used to replace the more expensivecocoa butter as an ingredient in chocolate. Palsgaard's website asserts, "Cocoa butter is an expensive raw material for chocolate manufacturers. By using PALSGAARD 4150 the chocolate recipe has lower costs in terms of less cocoa butter but also gives the benefit of having less fat." [cite web | url = http://www.palsgaard.com/international/Chocolate/High_Grade_PGPR.aspx | title = High grade PGPR in chocolate | publisher = Palsgaard]PGPR is a yellowish,
viscous liquid composed of polyglycerol ester s of polycondensedfatty acid s fromcastor oil . It may also be polyglycerol esters of dimerized fatty acids ofsoya bean oil.PGPR is strongly
lipophilic , soluble in fats and oils and insoluble in water andethyl alcohol . In chocolates it is used as a viscosity reducing agent. [cite web | url = http://www.rikenvitamin.jp/int/emulsifier/basic/kind.html | title = Kind of Emulsifiers | publisher = Riken Vitamin] It is virtually always paired withlecithin or another plastic viscosity-reducing agent.It can also be used as an emulsifier in spreads and in salad dressings or as a
crystal inhibitor andanti-clouding agent infractionated vegetable oils.The Vegan Society claims that PGPR may be animal-derived, but no evidence has been presented that any commercially available PGPR products are made using animal-derived substances.
References
* [http://www.danisco.com/cms/connect/corporate/products%20and%20services/product%20range/emulsifiers/pgpr/pgpr_en.htm PGPR replacing cocoa butter in chocolate]
* [http://www.vegansociety.com/html/food/criteria.php Possibly Animal-Derived Ingredients list at The Vegan Society]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.