Spyridon Xyndas

Spyridon Xyndas or Spiridione Xinda (Σπυρίδων Ξύνδας) (1812-1896) was a Greek composer and guitarist, whose last name has also been transliterated as "Xinta", "Xinda", "Xindas", and "Xyntas". He was born in Corfu and already in 1823 he was a student of Nikolaos Mantzaros in music theory. After the completion of his studies in Corfu, he continued them in Naples and Milan. In 1840 he and Antonios Liveralis (Antonio Liberali, one more student of Mantzaros)were the only professional musicians to participate in the founding of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu, an institute in which Xyndas was to teach for several years. In 1840s Xyndas began to compose concert arias and songs in demotic Greek, a contribution that eventually resulted to the creation of the opera "O ypopsifios" [The Parliamentary Candidate] (1867), which was the first full-scale opera based on a libretto in greek and the only one of Xyndas' operas to have survived to today. The libretto was written by Ioannis Rinopulos (with contributions by Nikolaos Makris and Xyndas himself) and it was performed at the Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù. Its seemingly comic plot is a severe criticism regarding the living conditions of the Ionian Islands' rural society and against the morality of the indegenous politicians, both during the British Protection period (1815-1864) and after it. Xyndas also composed other operatic works, the most notable of which was "Anna Winter", based on the Dumas's "The Three Musketeers", which is the earliest use of a Dumas's work in the modern greek theatre.The 1888 success of his 'Candidate' in Athens, which became the occasion for the creation of the first melodramatic troupe composed of Greeks, led Xyndas and his family to the capital of Greece, where he died poor and blind in 1896. [http://www.sansimera.gr/archive/biographies/show.php?id=306&name=Spyridon_Xyndas San Simera] Biography of Spyridon Xyndas (in Greek) Quote in translation: "His most famous opera is the "Parliamentary Candidate" which premiered in 1867 at the San Giacomo theatre of Corfu"
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=http://www.sansimera.gr/archive/biographies/show.php%3Fid%3D306 Google translation of Sansimera] ] It is believed that many of his works were destroyed during the 1943 Luftwaffe bombing of the Municipal Theatre of Corfu.

Operas

*"Anna Cuinter" (1855) aka "I tris somatofylakes"
*"Il Conte Giuliano" (1857)
*"O ypopsifios vouleftis" [The parliamentary candidate] (1867)
*"O neogambros" (1877)
*"I due pretendenti" (1878)
*"Galatea" (1895, incomplete)
*"I tris somatofylakes" (?)

References

* [http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:m1V6X2Tk00kJ:opera.stanford.edu/composers/X.html+operaglass+spyridon&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 "OperaGlass" page (cached)]
*http://www.klassika.info/Komponisten/Xyndas_Spyridon/wv_gattung.html www.klassika.info page