Cornelia Salonina

A marble bust of Cornelia Salonina.

Julia Cornelia Salonina (d. 268, Mediolanum) was an Augusta, wife of Roman Emperor Gallienus and mother of Valerian II, Saloninus, and Marinianus.

Early life

Salonina has an extensive coinage.

This arch, a gate in the Servian Walls of Rome, was dedicated to Gallienus and SALONINAE SANCTISSIMAE AUG, "to Salonina, most holy Augusta".

Julia Cornelia Salonina's origin is unknown. According to a modern theory, she was born of Greek origin^[1][2][3] in Bithynia, then part of the province of Bithynia et Pontus, Asia Minor. However, there exists some scepticism on that.^[4] She was married to Gallienus about ten years before his accession to the throne. When her husband became joint-emperor with his father Valerian in 253, Cornelia Salonina was named Augusta.

Cornelia was the mother of three princes, Valerian II, Saloninus and Marinianus.^[5] Her fate, after the murder of Gallienus, during the siege of Mediolanum in 268, is unknown. It is likely that either her life was spared^[6] or the she was executed together with other members of her family, at the orders of the Senate of Rome.^[7]

Her name is reported on coins with Latin legend as Cornelia Salonina; however, from the Greek coinage come the names Iulia Cornelia Salonina, Publia Licinia Cornelia Salonina, and Salonina Chrysogona (attribute that means "begotten of gold").

References

1. ^ According to Bray (1997), pp.30, 347, supporters of Greek Bithynian origin include Andreas Alföldi in Die Vorherrschaft der Pannonier im Römerreiche und die Reaktion des Hellenentums unter Gallienus, Studien zur Geschichte der Weltkrise des 3, ahrhunderts nach Christus. M.78 Taf. Darmstadt, 1967 and R. Munsterburg in Numismatische Zeitschrift, vol. LVIII, 1925, p.41
2. ^ Lissner, Ivar (1958). The Caesars: might and madness. Putnam. p. 291. OCLC 403811. "Gallienus' wife was a remarkably sensitive and cultured Greek woman named Cornelia Salonina who came from Bithynia" 
3. ^ Bengtson, Hermann – Bloedow, Edmund Frederick (1988). History of Greece: from the beginnings to the Byzantine era. University of Ottawa Press. p. 344. ISBN 0776602101. "The Empress Salonina, a Greek from Bithynia, took an avid part in the philhellenic efforts of the emperor." 
4. ^ Bray (1997), p.30, who cites Jean Gagé, Programme d' italicité et nostalgies d'hellénisme autour de Gallien et Salonine, Aufstieg und niedergang der Römischen Welt, vol. 5, New York, 1975, ISBN 3110049716, p.839
5. ^ Bray (1997), pp.50-51
6. ^ Bray (1997), p.308
7. ^ Watson, Alaric. Aurelian and the Third Century, Routledge, Oxon, 1999. ISBN 0-415-30187-4, p.41

• Bray, John. Gallienus : A Study in Reformist and Sexual Politics, Wakefield Press, Kent Town, 1997, ISBN 1-862-54337-2
• "Salonina", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, edited William Smith (1870).
• Partial Salonina coinage
• "Dictionary of Roman Coins", by Seth William Stevenson (1889).

External links

Media related to Salonina at Wikimedia Commons

Royal titles
Preceded by Cornelia Supera	Empress of Rome 253–268	Succeeded by Ulpia Severina
Preceded by Herennia Etruscilla	Empress-Mother of Rome 260	Succeeded by Eutropia

Persondata
Name	Salonina, Cornelia
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth
Place of birth
Date of death	268
Place of death