Antillocladius

Taxobox
name = "Antillocladius"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
subclassis = Pterygota
infraclassis = Neoptera
superordo = Endopterygota
ordo = Diptera
subordo = Nematocera
infraordo = Culicomorpha
superfamilia = Chironomoidea
familia = Chironomidae
subfamilia = Orthocladiinae
genus = "Antillocladius"
genus_authority = Sæther, 1981

"Antillocladius" is a genus of midges belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name "Antillocladius" means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.

The genus "Antillocladius" is distributed in the Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic (East Asia) and Indomalayan ecozones. The genus was erected by Sæther (1981) based on "A. antecalvus" Sæther, 1981, from the British West Indies. Subsequently, Sæther (1982) described two new species from the southeastern United States and amended the genus. Wang and Sæther (1993) described two additional new species from Palaearctic and Oriental China. Andersen and Contreras-Ramos (1999) described the first species from Continental South America (Ecuador). Recently revised by Mendes, Andersen & Sæther (2004), with the addition of nine species, plus two Japanese species transferred to the genus (Yamamoto, 2004). The genus thus comprises:

*"Antillocladius antecalvus" Sæther, 1981 - recorded from Saint Vincent, Brazil and Venezuela
*"Antillocladius arcuatus" Sæther, 1982 - recorded from USA, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela
*"Antillocladius biota" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
*"Antillocladius calakmulensis" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
*"Antillocladius folius" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
*"Antillocladius herradurus" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
*"Antillocladius musci" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
*"Antillocladius pluspilalus" Sæther, 1982 - recorded from USA, Ecuador, Mexico and Nicaragua
*"Antillocladius scalpellatus" Wang et Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Russia
*"Antillocladius skartveiti" Andersen et Contreras-Ramos, 1999 - recorded from Ecuador
*"Antillocladius sooretama" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
*"Antillocladius tokarameneus" (Sasa & Suzuki, 1995) - recorded from Japan
*"Antillocladius ubatuba" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
*"Antillocladius venequatoriensis" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Venezuela and Ecuador
*"Antillocladius yakyijeus" (Sasa & Suzuki, 2000) - recorded from Japan
*"Antillocladius zempoalensis" Mendes, Andersen et Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
*"Antillocladius zhengi" Wang et Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Thailand

The species are based on male genitalia characters and only two females are described, "A. musci" and "A. antecalvus". The pupae are known of only four species, "A. antecalvus", "A. folius", "A. musci" and "A. pluspilalus". The larvae are known of only three species, "A. folius", "A. musci" and "A. pluspilalus".

The immatures of the genus are described from terrestrial and semi-terrestrial habitats, sharing the environment with many other genera in the subfamily Orthocladiinae.

References

*Andersen, T. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (1999) First record of "Antillocladius" Sæther from Continental South America (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 45, 149–154.

*Coffman, W.P., Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1986) The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 28, 147–298.

*Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1983) The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 19, 149–291.

*Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R. & Sæther, O.A. (1989) The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 34, 165–352.

*Mendes, H.F., Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (2004b) A review of "Antillocladius" Sæther, 1981; "Compterosmittia" Sæther, 1981 and "Litocladius" new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 594, 1–82.

*Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46, 255-288.

*Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2000) Studies on the Chironomid Midges Collected on Yakushima Island, Souhwestern Japan. Tropical Medicine 42, 53-134.

*Sæther, O.A. (1981) Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) from the British West Indies with desciptions of "Antillocladius" n. gen., "Lipurometriocmemus" n. gen. , "Compterosmittia" n. gen. and "Diplosmittia" n. gen. – Entomogica scandinavica, Supplement,16, 1-46.

*Sæther, O.A. (1982) Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE U.S.A., with descriptions of "Plhudsonia", "Unniella" and "Platysmittia" n. genera and "Atelopodella" n. subgen. Entomologica scandinavica 13, 465–510.

*Sæther, O.A. (1984) The immatures of "Antillocladius" Sæther, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects 6, 1–6.

*Spies, M. & Reiss, F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, Supplement 22, 61–119.

*Tiunova, T.M., Teslenko, V.A., Arefina, T.I., Makarchenko, M.A. & Zorina, O.V. (2003) Fauna of aquatic insects in Barabashevka River basin (Southern Primorye). In: Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, vol 2. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 61-69. [in Russian] .

*Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of chironomids from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed) Late 20th Century Research on Chironomide: An Anthology from the 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Freiburg, 5-9 September 1997. Aachen, Shaker Verlag, 629–652.

*Wang, X. & Sæther, O.A. (1993) First Palaearctic and Oriental records of the orthoclad genus "Antillocladius" Sæther (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica 24, 227–230.

*Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi/ Acta Dipterologica 21, 1-121.