George E. Mylonas

George Emmanuel Mylonas (Γεώργιος Εμμανουήλ Μυλωνάς, December 9, 1898, in Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey) – April 15, 1988, Greece) was a prominent Greek and Aegean archaeologist.

George Mylonas was a patriot with a deep attachment to his people, and while a student in Athens during the Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, he joined the Greek Army and was later taken prisoner. While a prisoner of war he lost enough weight that the permanent ID band that was welded onto his wrist was easily taken on and off and exchanged with other prisoners. His future wife fled Asia Minor with only her tennis racket and spent the war living with family friends in Greece.

Mylonas was in Smyrna when the city was destroyed by the Turks in late September, 1922. He remarked that the family silver was saved for him by a Turkish neighbor, though the rest of the family home, with the artwork, was confiscated by the government and never repatriated.

Following the War, he returned to his studies (he had been awarded his B.A. from the International College in Smyrna in 1918) and earned a doctorate from the University of Athens in 1927 with a dissertation entitled "The Neolithic Period in Greece". About this time he also worked as Bursar at the American School for Classical Studies at Athens. In 1928, he emigrated to America to study at Johns Hopkins University and from that institution received a second Ph.D. the following year. At Johns Hopkins he was a student of David Moore Robinson. He was married to Lela, both of them having been born in Asia Minor.

Before being naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1937, Mylonas began teaching at Washington University in St. Louis where he would remain from 1933 to 1968. There he was the founding chair of the Department of Art History and Archaeology. A former student who arrived at the school in 1961 recalled that Mylonas was a "marvelous teacher"; by then he had been awarded the title of "Distinguished Professor" in the Arts and Sciences. He also taught at the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago, and during the Second World War he worked for the Greek War Relief Organization. He renounced his American citizenship to avoid conflict issues as to allocation of archeological sites and status during the same time as the Vietnam conflict, which led to some of his American relatives being denied security clearances.

For many years Mylonas directed Washington University's excations at Mycenae. After retiring from teaching in 1968, he returned to Greece where he served as Secretary General of the Archaeological Society and managed the dig at Mycenae until his death. In these later years he was very active in efforts to protect the Athenian Acropolis from environmental pollution.

In Old Phaleron/Acromycenae, where he lived, in addition to bringing tourists, he researched and restored the old spring that had served the area for thousands of years, bringing water to the local area. The valve for the spring was in his backyard and for a time his wife undertook the duty of making certain that the water flowed every night.

Mylonas is well known for his fieldwork at Olynthus as well as investigations at Mycenae, Nemea, Corinth and Eleusis. During 1951 and 1952, he led the important excavation of Grave Circle B at Mycenae (ca. 1650-1550 B.C.E., Middle Helladic III to Late Helladic I), and succeeded in establishing that it pre-dated Heinrich Schliemann's Grave Circle A.

He also briefly appeared in part one of Michael Wood's televised series, "In Search of the Trojan War" (1985). In a charming interview conducted at the citadel of Mycenae, Mylonas, with a chuckle and a twinkle in his eye, speaks of Agamemnon, with whom he converses "all the time." He once said that the task of the archaeologist was to "infer from withered flowers the hour of their bloom."

He was awarded the American Archaeological Society's Gold Medal for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement in 1970, and a scholarship for undergraduate majors at Washington University is named in Mylonas' honor. His daughter, Ione Mylonas Shear (1936-2005), was also an archaeologist until her death from lung cancer.

Mylonas had a son, Alex, who obtained his PhD from Yale after serving in the U.S. Army and was teaching at Harvard until Alex died in an automobile accident, another daughter Nike (Eunice Hale) and Ione's twin sister Daphne who served four missions for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints after being disowned by her family for joining the church. Nike's son is a well received artist, her daughter is a medical doctor. Ione's daughter followed her in archeology. Her husband was in charge of the Agora at Athens until his retirement and taught at Princeton University. T. Leslie Shear was featured in a cameo in Readers Digest about Greeks and Archeology.

Mylonas' works include: "The Balkan States; An Introduction to Their History" (1946) -- written in response to what he felt were inaccuracies being taught to his son in school; "Mycenae: The Capital City of Agamemnon" (1957); "Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries" (1961); "Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age" (1966); "Grave Circle B of Mycenae" (1972); "Mycenae, A Guide to Its Ruins and Its History" (1981); and "Mycenae Rich in Gold" (1983).

References

*Dessy, Raymond, "Excile From Olynthus, Women in Archaeology.com, Mentoring and Networking, Greece, 1927-1928", scholar.lib.vt.edu/faculty_archives/dessy/Section_I.pdf (10/2/2006).
*"Diggers," TIME magazine, 3 August 1953, http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822922,00.html (10/3/2006).
*Fuller, Neathery, "Professor George E. Mylonas: Expedition to Mycenae," http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/aia/Mycenae.htm (10/2/2006).
* [Necrology] Spyros Iakovidis in "American Journal of Archaeology" 93 (1989) 235-7.
*"Obituary for Ione M. Shear," http://www.brynmawr.edu/archaeology/ioneshear.htm (10/2/2006).
*http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/test-archives/html4/att-18641/00-part (10/2/2006).
*The Slaying of Metropolitan Chrysostomos, http://members.fortunecity.com/fstav1/chrisostomos.html (11/4/06).
*St. Petersburg Times, 13 October 2002, http://www.sptimes.com/2002/10/13/Travel/Translating_Greece.shtml (10/2/2006).
*Interviews with family members conducted 2006.