Ladoga Seal

Taxobox
name = Ladoga Ringed Seal
status = VU
status_system = iucn3.1
status_ref =


image_caption =


image2_
regnum =Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Carnivora
subordo =
familia = Phocidae
genus = "Pusa"
species = "P. hispida"
subspecies = "P. hispida ladogensis"
trinomial = "Pusa hispida ladogensis"
trinomial_authority = (Nordquist, 1899)
range_

range_map_caption =

Ladoga Ringed Seals ( _ru. Ладожская нерпа; "Pusa hispida ladogensis"), are a subspecies of the Ringed Seal ("Pusa hispida") which are found entirely in Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia. The subspecies evolved during the last ice age, about 11,000 years ago. As the glaciers retreated and water levels changed, the Baltic Ringed Seal (including Ladoga seals) was trapped in freshwater lakes and separated from the Arctic Ringed Seal.

It is related to the even smaller population of Saimaa Ringed Seals in Lake Saimaa, a lake that flows into Ladoga through the Vuoksi River.

Appearance

The adult Ladoga seal grows to about 150 cm in length and weighs approximately 60-70 kg. Pups are approximately 50-60 cm at birth and weigh approximately 4-5 kg. There are 4 variations of coats.Popov, L. "Ladoga Seal." "Mammals in the Seas, volume II: pinniped species summaries and report on sirenians" (FAO Fisheries Series) No. 5, Vol II, pp. 70–71] 47% of Ladoga seals have a dark brown coat with lighter ring shaped patterns, 29% have a dark brown coat with lighter vein-like patterns and 17% have a light brown coat with a dark dorsal belt as well as faint rings and spots. The coats of the remaining 7% are not described by Popov. Annual molting takes place from April through June.

Reproduction

Females reach maturity at the age of 4–5 and males at the age of 6–7. Pups are delivered in February through March, with weaning taking place after 1.5–2 months. A normal lifespan is about 30–35 years.Frost, K.J., Lowry, L.F. 1981. "Ringed, Baikal and Caspian seals, Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775, Phoca sibirica Gmelin, 1788, Phoca caspica Gmelin, 1788." "Ridgway, S.H. and Harrison, R.J. (eds.): Handbook of Marine Mammals" (Academic Press Inc., London) Vol. 2: Seals, pp. 29–53]

Conservation

Current population is at about 2,000–3,000, down from approximately 20,000 at the beginning of the 20th century due to over-hunting (hunting of the seals was banned entirely in 1980, but some illegal poaching still occurs). The species' primary threats include entanglement in fisheries netting, industrialization in the areas surrounding lake Ladoga, fuel spills from water vessels and the disturbance of their warm-weather sunning places by human recreational activities. The Ladoga seal is listed as an Appendix II species under the Bern Convention and also included in the Russian Red Data Book.

ee also

* Ringed Seal
* Pinniped
* Red Data Book of the Russian Federation

Notes

References

* [http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=41675 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]
* [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jaap/ringseal.htm#ladoga Ladoga Seal]
* [http://www.pi-schools.gr/sxoleia/1gym_metamorphosis/comenius2/finland/seal2.html Small comparison with Saimaa seal]
* [http://www.pinnipeds.org/species/ringed.htm Seal Conservation Society]
* [http://ladoga.krc.karelia.ru/environ/waters/fauna/nerpa/index.php Ladoga Seal in Brief]
* Yablokov, A. (1985) Marine mammal-fishery interactions in the Baikal and Ladoga Lakes and in the Caspian and White Seas. in: Beddington, J.R., Beverton, R.J.H. and Lavigne, D.M. (eds.): Marine Mammals and Fisheries, pp. 106-110, George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd, London