Nguyễn Phúc Tần

Nguyễn Phúc Tần 1620 - 1687; ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam from 1648 - 1687.

Nguyễn Phúc Tần was one of the Nguyễn Lords who ruled south Vietnam from the city of Phu Xuan (modern-day Huế). During his rule the Trịnh-Nguyễn War came to an end. During his reign, he annexed nearly all the remaining Champa lands.

Nguyễn Phúc Tần was the second son of Nguyễn Phúc Lan. Lan died just before Trinh Trang made yet another effort to conquer the southern provinces. Nguyễn Phúc Lan took the title "Duong Quan-Cong" (Duke of Duong).Shortly after his father's death, Trịnh Tráng launched his final offensive against the Nguyễn. But in a climactic battle, called Truong Duc, the Royal (Trịnh) army was destroyed. At the same time the Lê King (Lê Chan Tông) died, possibly as a result of being at the battle. This defeat was devastating for the Trịnh and the Nguyễn generals asked for permission to attack north.

Four years after the battle, the Nguyễn army began their own offensive north into Trịnh territory. In 1653 the attackers drove the Royal (Trịnh) army out of Quang Binh Province. The next year the Nguyễn army captured Ha Tinh Province. The old Trịnh Lord, Trịnh Tráng died at this point and was succeeded by his son, the very capable Trịnh Tạc. The Nguyễn army moved into Nghệ An Province in 1655 but they were fatally weakened by a dispute between two of the Nguyễn generals. The result was that Trịnh Tạc was able to defeat the Nguyễn armies in turn and drive the Nguyễn forces back to the great walls in 1656. The Nguyễn offensive was over.

After five years of rest and refit, Trịnh Tạc staged a small offensive against the walls in 1661 but with the usual result. The walls held and the attack was halted.

For the next decade Trịnh Tạc focused on the north while Nguyễn Phúc Tần focused on the south, expanding his territory against the Champa and around Saigon.

Finally in 1672 Trịnh Tạc made one last attempt to capture Phu Xuan (Huế) and bring the Nguyễn under control. The attacking army was under the command of Trịnh Tạc's son, Trịnh Căn, while the defending army was under the command of Nguyễn Phúc Tần's son Prince Nguyễn Phuoc Thuan. The attack failed but this time, Trịnh Tạc offered to end the war with a truce. Nguyễn Phúc Tần accepted this truce and so the long war finally came to an end. The border between the two parts of Vietnam was fixed at the Linh River. The truce held for the next 100 years.

Nguyễn Phúc Tần could now turn his full attention to the south and his army and government officials were able to solidify control over the southernmost provinces. Tensions were rising between the Vietnamese and the Cambodians but open warfare hadn't yet broken out.

On April 30 1687, Nguyễn Phúc Tần died and was succeeded by another son Nguyễn Phúc Trăn.

See also

* Le Dynasty
* List of Vietnamese dynasties

Sources

* Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 3 ("Nguyen Lords") 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
* [http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Vietnam/annam2.htm Genealogy of the Royal Nguyen Family]
* The Encyclopedia of Military History by R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy. Harper & Row (New York).