Bülach fibula

The Bülach fibula is a silver disk-type fibula with almandine inlay found in Bülach, Canton Zürich in 1927. The Alemannic grave in which it was found (no. 249) dates to 6th century and contained the remains of an adult woman. The fibula, dated to between the 3rd and 6th centuries, bears an Elder Futhark inscription, the only one found in Switzerland to date.

Inscription

The inscription begins:frifridil du aftm [...with the first and the third "f" runes as well as the "a" rune mirrored.

"Frifridil" is a pet name for a male lover (MHG "friedel"). "du" is the 2nd person sg pronoun, already differentiated from the common West Germanic "þu", lending the inscription an early Old High German or Alemannic German character.

The remaining part of the inscription is read differently by various authors. Also, the mirrored runes have suggested change of reading direction to some. Krause and Jankuhn (1966) read:fri [d] fridil du fat mik l lwith only two "l" runes, translating "you, my lover, embrace me, leek! leek!", interpreting the "l" runes as abbreviating "leek" ("*laukaz"), symbolizing fertility or prosperity (leek is strongly associated with nubile women in Old Norse skaldic poetry)

Klinenberg (1976) has:frifridil [lid] du [fud] f [a] t [o] mik. (l) [au] k (l) [i] d l lreading the first "lid" as implied by mirroring the "dil" and the "fud" as implied by mirroring the "du f" in conscious obscuring of the obscene content, "lid" meaning "penis" and "fud" meaning "vulva", and interpreting the "l" runes as phallic symbols, again abbreviating "lid", resulting in a translation of " [I, your] lover with the penis, you with the vulva: receive me; leek! penis! leek! penis!".

Opitz (1977) similarly has:fri [d] fridil [lid] du [fud] f [a] t [.] mik (l [id] ) l [id] l [id] :"lover - penis; you - vulva; receive me; (penis) penis penis"dismissing Klinenberg's "k" and "d" at the end of the inscription as conjectured.

Later interpreters have dismissed the "l" runes" as mere accidental scratches, and the sexual reading of Klingenberg and Opitz as the product of an excited imagination. Looijenga (1997) reads a mere uninterpretable "aftmu". The undisputed reading of "frifridil" however establishes the inscription as a dedication among lovers.

References

*H. Klingenberg, "Runenfibel von Bülach, Kanton Zürich. Liebesinschrift aus alemannischer Frühzeit" in: Alemannisches Jahrbuch 1973/75, p. 308.
*H. Klingenberg, "Die Runeninschrift aus Bülach". In: Helvetia archaeologica, 7, 1976, 116-121.
*S. Opitz, "Südgermanische Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark aus der Merowingerzeit". Freiburg i.Br. 1977.
*W. Krause, H. Jankuhn, "Die Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark". Göttingen 1966.
*J. H. Looijenga, " [http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/arts/1997/j.h.looijenga/ Runes around the North Sea and on the Continent AD 150-700] ", dissertation, Groningen University (1997).
*M. Martin, "Schrift aud dem Norden: Runen in der Alamannia - Archäologisch Betrachtet" in "Die Alemannen" Stuttgart: Theiss, 1997; pp. 499-502.

External links

* [http://www.runenprojekt.uni-kiel.de/abfragen/standard/deutung2.asp?findno=171&ort=B%FClach&objekt=Scheibenfibel Runenprojekt Kiel]