Jieshi Diao Youlan

Jieshi Diao Youlan

Jieshi Diao Youlan (碣石調幽蘭) means "Solitary Orchid in the Stone Tablet Mode" or just "Solitary Orchid" ("Secluded Orchid" or "Elegant Orchid" in some translations). It is the name of a piece of music or melody for the guqin which was written before AD 908, and is possibly the world's oldest surviving piece of written music.

History

The original manuscript was found in Kyoto, Japan, and was probably imported during the Tang Dynasty from China along with Buddhism. It is believed to be a copy of an earlier manuscript and contains a lot of written 'corrections', mistakes and vagueness. Because it is damaged in some places, there has been much study into how it is played.

Notation

The manuscript of Youlan is written in a special old form of guqin notation, known as "wenzi pu" (lit. "written character notation").

Tonality

The melody is noted for its use of microtones, especially at the cadences at the end of each of its four sections when three tones between "ti" and "do" (and in the case of the third section, the halfway tone between "ti" and "do" is further divided) are used. This creates a mysterious effect that sounds modern to new listeners.

References

:"Please see:" References section in the guqin article for a full list of references used in all qin related articles.


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