John Y. Brown (1835–1904)

Infobox Officeholder
name = John Young Brown

---

caption =
small_

order = 31^st
office = Governor of Kentucky
lieutenant = Mitchell C. Alford
term_start = September 2, 1891
term_end = December 10, 1895
predecessor = Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.
successor = William O. Bradley
state2 = Kentucky
district2 = 2nd
term_start2 = March 4, 1873
term_end2 = March 3, 1877
predecessor2 = Henry McHenry
successor2 = James A. McKenzie
state3 = Kentucky
district3 = 5th
term_start3 = March 4, 1859
term_end3 = March 3, 1861
predecessor3 = Joshua Jewett
successor3 = Charles Wickliffe
birth_date = birth date|mf=yes|1835|6|28
birth_place = Claysville, Kentucky
death_date = death date and age |mf=yes|1904|01|11|1835|06|28
death_place = Henderson, Kentucky
party = Democratic
spouse = Lucie Barbee Rebecca Hart Dixon
relations = Nephew of Bryan Rust Young and William Singleton Young
religion = Presbyterian
profession = Lawyer

John Young Brown (June 28, 1835ndash January 11, 1904) was a U.S. Representative and Governor of Kentucky. A gifted orator, his criticism of the Know-Nothing Party drew death threats against him early in his career. Later, the U.S. House of Representatives censured him for a speech against General Benjamin F. Butler.

Brown was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1859, but did not meet the , and did not take office until he reached the specified age. A supporter of Stephen A. Douglas in the presidential election of 1860, Brown's service in the House was interrupted by the Civil War, where he served in the cavalry of the Confederate Army. Following the war, he relocated to Henderson, Kentucky, where he was re-elected to the House. He was again refused his seat, this time for alleged disloyalty during the war. The voters of his district overwhelmingly re-elected Brown, who then took his seat unopposed.

After his service in the House, Brown took a hiatus from politics, but re-entered the political arena as a candidate for Governor of Kentucky in 1891. He convincingly won the election over his Republican challenger, but his actions as governor split the Democratic party, paving the way for the election of Kentucky's first Republican governor, William O. Bradley, in 1895. In 1899, the Democrats were further divided by the questionable tactics of gubernatorial candidate William Goebel at the party's nominating convention, and a faction split from the main party and nominated Brown to oppose Goebel. After considerable legal wrangling, Goebel was declared the winner of the election, but was assassinated. Brown became the legal counsel for an accused conspirator in the assassination, former Kentucky Secretary of State Caleb Powers. Powers was convicted by a partisan jury, but later pardoned by Governor Augustus E. Willson. Brown died in Henderson on January 11, 1904.

Early life

John Young Brown was born June 28, 1835 in Claysville (near Elizabethtown), Hardin County, Kentucky, the son of Thomas Dudley and Elizabeth (Young) Brown.Harrison, p. 129–130] Two of Brown's unclesndash Bryan Rust Young and William Singleton Youngndash served as U.S. Representatives, and his father served in the state legislature and was a delegate to the 1849 state constitutional convention.Ireland, p. 123] As a result, the younger Brown spent much time at the state capitol, which sparked his interest in politics and exposed him to the art of political oration.Levin, p. 212]

He entered Centre College in 1851 at the age of sixteen. In 1855, he graduated from Centre and returned to Hardin County to study law. Brown was admitted to the bar in 1857 and practiced in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. His reputation as an orator put him in high demand, and zealous criticism of the Know Nothing Party drew death threats against him.Powell, p. 70]

Brown married Lucie Barbee in 1857, but Barbee died the following year. In 1860, he married Rebecca Hart Dixon, the daughter of former lieutenant governor Archibald Dixon. The couple had eight children.

Political career

At the 1859 state Democratic convention, Brown was nominated to replace Joshua Jewett in the House of Representatives, despite his own protests that he was more than a year from being of legal age to serve. Nevertheless, he was elected over Jewett by about two thousand votes. He did not take his seat until the second congressional session, however, because of his age. He became a member of the Douglas National Committee in 1860 and engaged in a series of debates with supporters of John C. Breckinridge for president. During the Civil War, Brown served as a cavalry colonel in the Confederate Army.NGA Biography]

Following the war, he moved to Henderson, Kentucky where he was re-elected to the House of Representatives in 1866. His seat was declared vacant, however, because of his alleged disloyalty during the war. This action drew an official protest from Governor John W. Stevenson. In 1872, voters in Brown's district re-elected him by an overwhelming vote of 10,888 to 457. This time, he assumed his seat unopposed. He was censured by the House of Representatives on February 4, 1875 for the use of unparliamentary language during a speech denouncing Benjamin F. Butler. This censure was expunged from the record by a subsequent congress.

Following his service in the House, Brown resumed his law practice in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1891, he was the Democratic nominee for governor of Kentucky. His nomination marked a compromise between the agrarian and corporate factions of the party. In the general election, Brown defeated Republican challenger Andrew T. Wood by a margin of more than 25,000 votes.

The major accomplishments of Brown's administration included improving tax collection processes and the passage of legislation to control corporations. His policies, however, also alienated some major corporations such as the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He was also highly critical of the state attorney general and auditor, causing a rift within his party.

Mob violence was prevalent in the Commonwealth during Brown's tenure as governor. From 1892 to 1895, there were fifty-six lynchings in Kentucky. During one notable incident, a Cincinnati judge refused to extradite a black man suspected of shooting a white man. The judge's decision was based on his opinion that the accused was likely to be the victim of mob violence if returned to Kentucky. In disputing the judge's decision, Governor Brown attempted to justify some of the violence that had occurred in the state's past, declaring "It is much to be regretted that we have occasionally had mob violence in this Commonwealth, but it has always been when the passions of the people have been inflamed by the commission of the most atrocious crimes." [Wright, pp. 172–174]

Near the end of his term, Brown announced his support of Cassius M. Clay to succeed him as governor, possibly as a ploy to get himself elected to the U.S. Senate by the General Assembly. When one of Brown's sons was killed by his secret lover's irate husband, however, Brown lost interest in the campaign and Clay lost the nomination to P. Wat Hardin. [Ireland, pp. 125–126] Despite their common ground on the issue of free silver, Brown refused to endorse Hardin, and the fractured Democratic party watched as the Republicans elected William O. Bradley, their first-ever governor in Kentucky.Ireland, p. 126]

Later life and death

After his term as governor, Brown again returned to his legal practice in Louisville. He was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Representative in 1896, losing to Walter Evans. He then unsuccessfully challenged William Goebel for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in the tumultuous election of 1899. When Goebel was assassinated, Brown represented former Secretary of State Caleb Powers in his first trial for Goebel's murder.

Brown died January 11, 1904 in Henderson, Kentucky and was buried at the Fernwood Cemetery.

References

*CongBio|B000933 Retrieved on 2008-02-13
*cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lowell H. |authorlink=Lowell H. Harrison |chapter=Brown, John Young |editor=Kleber, John E. |others=Associate editors: Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter |title="The Kentucky Encyclopedia" |year=1992 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Kentucky |isbn=0813117720
*cite book |last=Ireland |first=Robert M. |chapter=John Young Brown |title="Kentucky's Governors" |editor=Lowell Hayes Harrison |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Kentucky |year=2004 |isbn=0813123267
*cite web |url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=dcf8b60771f66010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD |title=Kentucky Governor John Young Brown |publisher=National Governors Association |accessdate=2007-08-18
*cite book |title=Lawyers and Lawmakers of Kentucky |editor=H. Levin |publisher=Lewis Publishing Company |location=Chicago, Illinois |year=1897 |chapter=John Young Brown |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~kygenweb/kybiog/jefferson/brown.jy.txt |accessdate=2007-08-23
*cite book |last=Powell |first=Robert A. |title="Kentucky Governors" |publisher=Bluegrass Printing Company |location=Danville, Kentucky |year=1976 |id=OCLC|2690774
*cite book |last=Wright |first=George C. |title=Racial Violence in Kentucky, 1865-1940 : Lynchings, Mob Rule, and "Legal Lynchings" |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |location=Baton Rouge, Louisiana |year=1990 |isbn=9780807120736

Notes

External links

*Find A Grave|7092218 Retrieved on 2008-02-13
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brown5.html John Y. Brown at The Political Graveyard]
* [http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000142/html/am142--2167.html Text of Governor Stevenson's protest to Congress for failing to seat Brown and others in Congress] (pages 2162 to 2171)

Persondata
NAME = Brown, John Y.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Brown, John Young
SHORT DESCRIPTION = 19th century American politician
DATE OF BIRTH = June 28, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH = Claysville, Kentucky, United States
DATE OF DEATH = January 11, 1904
PLACE OF DEATH = Henderson, Kentucky