- George Dennis (explorer)
George Dennis (21 July 1814 in Ash Grove, Hackney,
Middlesex – 15 November 1898 inSouth Kensington ,London ) was a British explorer ofEtruria ; his written account and drawings of the ancient places and monuments of the Etruscan civilization combined with his summary of the ancient sources is among the first of the modern era and remains an indispensable reference in Etruscan studies.Early life
George Dennis left school at the age of 15. He never went to college, and yet he interested himself in languages, studying ancient Greek and Latin on his own and eventually becoming a polyglot in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, modern Greek, Turkish and some Arabic. A strongly physical man as well, he often went for 40-mile hikes in the uplands of
Scotland andWales . He resolved to become an explorer; however, he worked mainly alone. [Wellard dedicates Chapter Four, "The Founder of English Etruscology", to Dennis. This material comes from there.]olitary Explorer
At age 22 Dennis conducted his first explorations in Portugal and Spain, writing his first work, "A Summer in Andalucia," in 1839. Dennis roughed it in Etruria between 1842, at age 28, and 1847, in the company of artist
Samuel Ainsley in 1842 and 1843. Etruria of the times had reverted to a semi-wilderness state, rural, depopulated, malarial and infested with bandits. There were few roads. Dennis hiked about the country living in the outdoors or in rural quarters infested with insects studying and recording the monuments he found and any traditions about them.The result of his travels was his 1,085 page treatise "Cities and cemeteries of Etruria", published in 1848 by the
British Museum and including sketches by Dennis and Ainsley. Dennis captures Etruscan civilization and Tuscan landscapes in able prose with scholarly detail. It was nevertheless generally unknown and unappreciated by the British public, partly because of Dennis' lack of academic credentials. He did make some fast friends among the academics who read his work, such asHenry Layard .Colonial officer
As his book did not receive the recognition and remuneration it deserves, George used his contacts to obtain work with the Colonial Service, which shipped him off to
British Guiana . He married there but he found life dreary. After 14 years he asked his friend Henry Layard to mediate with Lord John Russell to get him out of Guiana. The ploy was successful and in 1863, at age 50, Dennis went as vice-consul toSicily , subsequently toBenghazi andSmyrna inTurkey , accompanied by his wife. He had no children.Recognition
Meanwhile his "magnum opus" became widely read and was appreciated for the masterpiece it is.
Oxford University awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Civil Law for it. He was made a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. His lack of a formal education was a stigma that prevented higher honors. He endured shallow reviews and comments for the rest of his life.End
George Dennis died alone in London at age 84 officially of "senile decay." At some time before his death second third editions of his work had come out.
Notes
Bibliography
* Two volumes. A rare book.
* Two volumes. Downloadable from Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=izIBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=%22cities+and+cemeteries+of+etruria%22#PPP7,M1] .
*Potter, Timothy W. "Dennis of Etruria: a celebration", "Antiquity" 72 (1998), 916–21.
*Rhodes, Dennis E. Article in "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".
*
*External links
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Periods/Roman/Archaic/Etruscan/_Texts/DENETR*/home.html "Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria"] , complete, at
LacusCurtius
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.