Głowno

Infobox Settlement
name = Głowno

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imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Town Hall
image_shield = POL Głowno COA.svg
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Łódź
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Zgierz
subdivision_type3 = Gmina
subdivision_name3 = Głowno (urban gmina)
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Wojciech Brzeski
established_title = Established
established_date = 15th century
established_title3 = Town rights
established_date3 = 1427-1869, 1925
area_total_km2 = 19.82
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 15167
population_density_km2 = auto
timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd = 51 | latm = 57 | lats = 51 | latNS = N | longd = 19 | longm = 42 | longs = 42 | longEW = E
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 95-015
area_code = +48 42
blank_name = Car plates
blank_info = EZG
website = http://glowno.pl Głowno [IPA-pl|'|g|ł|o|w|n|o] is a town and community in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, in Zgierz County, about 25 km northeast of Łódź. The town administratively belonged to the Łódź Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. According to data from August 10, 2006, the city has 15,282 inhabitants. Głowno is a twin town of German Remptendorf county.

Terrain

According to 2002 data, Głowno has a surface area of 19.82 square kilometers, including:
*rural: 35%
*forest: 30%

The city comprises 2.32% surface of the administrative district.

Demographics

According to data from June 30, 2004:According to data from June 10, 2006, the population is now 15,282 (breakdown not available).

Głowno is one of five cities in Zgierz County, comprising 10% of the population of the administrative district. The city's population is in a downward trend, which is expected to continue.

According to data from 2002, the average per capita income amounts to 1083.82 złoty per month.

The city rights were granted in 1427, with an interruption between the years 1870-1925. It was the center of the engine industry until quite lately (including, among others, the Military Motor Plant, the Ponar-Łódź Grinder Factory, Urządeń WUTECH Technical Plant, the "Chojaczki" Agricultural Repair Plant); but presently, mainly corsetry, textiles, and lingerie. The JanMor yacht shipyard of the Łódź Voivodeship is located in Głowno.

Geography

Głowno is located in Lower Środkowopolska, bordering the Łowicko-Błońska Plains at the confluence of three rivers: Mroga, Mrożyca, and Brzuśnia. There are two bays which consist of 39 hectares of the waters of the Mroga. The city is from 119.3 to 145.9 meters above sea level. The valley of the rivers Mroga and Mrożyca form a natural contour of Głowno. The area is a flat surface, and the banks form the only variation of the landscape. The land area of Głowno consists of 1,867 hectares, or 18.67 square kilometers. It is located 29 kilometers northeast of Łódź.

Climate and Nature

Głowno is surrounded by forests of pine, oak, birch, and fir. They are the remainder of the forests that formerly grew in the region of Łódź. They cover the area of the valley of the village of Olszowa. The northern forested part of Głowno has been declared as the Zabrzeźnia Reserve. The total area is 27.6 hectares. In the field of the reserve grows an oak-hornbeam forest. In Głowno, fir and beech are the main objects of preservation for the Zabrzeźnia Reserve. The northern limit of the occurrence of this tree crosses through here. The forested valley of three rivers form a unique microclimate around the region of Głowno.

The yearly air temperature averages 7.5C, in the summer +10C, in the winter - 2.5C. The annual amount of rainfall varies around 500 millimeters.

History

The first settlement on the location of the present-day Głowno was in the 15th century near a trade route. On March 11, 1420 the Church of St. Jacob was consecrated. In 1427, settlement began through a city permit from Duke Siemowit of Rawa under Kulm law.

In 1504 a fire destroyed a large part of the city, whereupon King Alexander Jagiellon suspended taxation for its inhabitants for ten years. Because of the Polish-Swedish Wars, the war against Russia, and the rebellion under Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, the population was severely diminished, and in 1676, only 74 people lived in Głowno. In 1710, an epidemic struck, and the city was sold to Baltazar Ciecierski. In 1730, he gave the city to the Jews. In 1777, an epidemic raged in the city. In the same year, King August III the Saxon granted permits in the area for four fairs.

In 1793, the Second Partition of Poland took place, whereby the city fell to Prussia. With the development of the Duchy of Warsaw, the area was incorporated therein, and in 1815, it became part of the newly formed Congress Poland.

In 1869, there was discussion of the loss of city rights, as a repressive measure for Głowno's participation in the January Uprising. This came to pass in 1870 when Czar Alexander II of Russia reduced the number of cities in the Polish territory.

In 1903, the railway connection between Warsaw and Łódź was built through Głowno, therewith representing a positive factor for the economy. The first volunteer fire department was formed in 1908. In 1924, the "Buch and Werner Norblin Brothers" company opened a factory branch in Głowno. The city rights were issued for the second time in 1925.

With the outbreak of World War II, the area was occupied in September 1939 by the German Wehrmacht. On January 18-19 of 1945, the German occupation ended and the Soviet occupation began.

In 2004, honorary citizenship was granted posthumously to General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski

Antiquities

*Freedom Oak on Freedom Square - planted on November 11, 1928, upon the tenth anniversary of the restoration of independence. Presently, the oak is a legally protected natural monument.
*Estate of Countess Aleksandra Komorowskiej from the end of the 19th Century
*Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railway) station
*Apartment houses on Freedom Place from the turn of the 19th-20th Centuries
*Regional Museum of Głowno

Districts of Głowno

Głowno is divided into districts. Here are the names of some of them: Osiny, Huta Józefów, Borówka, Kopernika, Zabrzeźnia, Cichorajka, Zakopane, Swoboda.

Honorary Citizens

* Prof. Romuald Adam Cebertowicz, honorary citizenship granted on November 24, 2003
* Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, honorary citizenship granted on April 28, 2004
* Pope John Paul II, Holy Father, honorary citizenship granted on October 27, 2004
* Andrzej Janowski
* Peter Ramisch
* x. Stanisław Banach

Population Evolution

References

External links

* [http://glowno.pl/ Official town webpage] (in Polish)
* [http://mapa.szukacz.pl/?x=548891&y=455567&m=G%b3owno&w=%b3%f3dzkie&p=zgierski&g=G%b3owno&z=3 Map from mapa.szukacz.pl]
* [http://dawneglowno.webpark.pl/ Website concerning local history] (in Polish)
* [http://www.cebertowicz.glowno.pl/galeria/ Pictures of the city]