William Vaughan (philanthropist)

William Vaughan (died c. May 1580) was an English landowner, farmer and philanthropist who lived in the mid-16th century in the Dartford and Erith area of north-west Kent. [He describes himself in his will as "I Willyam Vaughan of Erythe in the Countie of Kent one of the yoman of the chamber of our seid sovereigns lady."] He was one of the yeoman to King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I, but is remembered today mainly for his role in the foundation of Dartford Grammar School.

Family connections

Nothing seems to be known about his parentage or early years, although he had a cousin, James Vaughan who lived in Swanscombe. [In his will he mentions “…my cosyn James Vaughan of Swannescombe…” This may be the same person called "my cozin James Vaughan of Stone..." by his son Charles in his will of 1570-1.The 1606-7 will of another, later, William Vaughan of Dartford indicates a relationship to James Vaughan of Swanscombe and reinforces the impression that a number of related Vaughan's were settled in this general area of North West Kent in the late sixteenth century.] In his will William Vaughan left bequests to the poor of the parishes of Dartford (40/-); Stone (13/4d) and Erith (20/-); this may indicate his principal area of interest although he also held land at Tonbridge in mid-Kent. [In his will [A] he mentions “all my land Tenements and heridytamentes whatsoever with their appurtenaunces sett lyenge and beynge in Dartforde and Erythe aforseyd and Tonnebrydge in the seyd Countye of Kent or elles where in the same Countye.”]

There seems to be no evidence of Vaughan’s connection to Dartford before 1536. At that time he was said to be one of King Henry VIII’s gentlemen of the wardrobe [Dunkin (1884) p. 217 “William Vaughan was a gentleman of the wardrobe to Henry VIII, who in 1536, obtained a grant of the manor of Bignors”. Dunkin’s source was the Fee Farm Rolls.] [Keyes (1938) p. 312 “William Vaughan, who obtained a grant of the Manor of Bignores in 1536”] when he obtained a grant of the manor of Bignors. This manor, also known as Portbridge, had long been an asset of the Sisters of the Order of St. Augustine in the Dominican nunnery at Dartford having been given to the king by John de Bikenore of Clavering in about 1366. [Desribed as "belonging to the manor of Portbridge, once Robert Bikenore's" and "the manor, of Portbridge, Kent, given to the king by John de Bikenore of Clavering," source:: 'Friaries: The Dominican nuns of Dartford', A History of the County of Kent: Volume 2 (1926), pp. 181-190. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38217. Date accessed: 14 March 2008.] As the dissolution of the nunnery loomed, the sisters in 1534 leased to George Tusser of Dartford the manor with their two water-mills called the Wheat Mill and the Malt Mill. [Page (1926), pp. 181-190.] Vaughan obtained the lease of the manor (and the mills [Keyes (1938), p. 131 “…the manor of Bignours, the two water-mills, called the Wheat-Mill, and the Malt-Mill and several other premises…”] ) in 1536 and had his last renewal of it between 17 November 1569 and 16 November 1570. [Hasted (1798) p. 308. “This lease, after the dissolution, came into the hands of William Vaughan, belonging to the Kings wardrobe, who afterwards had several renewals of his lease…”] After Vaughan's death, the lease of these mills passed to John Spilman, an early manufacturer of paper. From the details of Spilman's mill, [Keyes (1933), p.395.] one of the mills operated by Vaughan can be placed upstream from Dartford on the River Darenth where it meets Powdermill Lane.

In 1545 a muster of potential fighting men in Dartford included Vaughan as an able man and an archer in the company led by John Byer (or Beere), [Keyes (1938) p. 222 gives the full muster.] a distant relative by marriage and also a prominent local philanthropist. [In 1550 John Byer sold to Vaughan a house on Dartford High Street "lately belonging to the priory of Dartford", Keyes (1938), p.231.] In 1572 he paid rent of 2/4d (Two shillings and fourpence) to the Manor of Erith. [Erith Manor Court Rolls. The 1572 rental also includes interesting mentions of other relatives of Vaughan's second wife.]

Marriages

Vaughan was married at least twice. His first known wife, Joan, was buried at Dartford on 9 September 1569. [Dartford Parish Registers, 1569, “Jone wife of Wm Vaughan yoman was buryed the 9 of September”.] Vaughan remarried on 16 August 1571 at St Dionis Backchurch, London, [Parish registers of St Dionis Backchurch, London.] to Alice Lane, formerly Wallis. [In his will Vaughan mentions “Thomas Wallys and Richard Lane decested her late husbondes”.] It appears that Vaughan knew both her previous husbands. [The will of Thomas Wallis was witnessed by William Vaughan’s son Charles Vaughan and son in law William Death. It includes a bequest to William Death “…unto my frende Willm Deth my dublet of satten” and contains a reference that may indicate a relationship to Charles Vaughan’s wife Agnes “…I give and bequeth unto my Cosen Agnes Vaughan my pybalde amblying mare…”.] [The will of Richard Lane gave to “…Mr Vaughan of Dartforde and Charles his son…” a “Cappe”] Alice died in 1581 [Will of Alice Vaughan “ In the name of God Amen. The viv days of September 1581 and in the xxiiith yere of the regne of our sovereigne Ladye Elizabeth by the grace of god Quene of England ffrance and Irelande Defender of the Faythe etc. I Alice Vaughan of Erithe in the Countie of Kent widowe being sicke and weake in bodie…”.] and may have been buried at Erith [The parish registers for St John the Baptist, Erith, do not survive for this period.] as no record of her burial is found in the Dartford parish registers.

Vaughan had at least two children, both apparently by his first wife, Joan. A son, Charles, was born probably no later than 1544. [Estimated from the baptism on 19 November 1564 at Dartford of William, elder known child of Charles Vaughan and his wife Agnes; their date of marriage is not known.] Charles was buried at Dartford on 26 January 1570/71 [Dartford Parish registers, 1570-71 "Charles Vaughan yoman buryed ye 26 of January".] Vaughan’s second child, Elizabeth was born in about 1541; [Deduced from the age at death attributed to her on her memorial in Holy Trinity church Dartford.] she married William Death (1527-1590; also spelt D'Aeth), a lawyer of Staple Inn, London, [William Death 1527-1590, http://genforum.genealogy.com/death/messages/36.html] and was buried at Dartford on 13 April 1582. [Dartford Parish registers, 1582, “the wife of Wm Death gent was buried the 17 of Aprill”.]

Philanthropy

On 20 September 1569, only a couple of weeks after the burial of his wife Joan, Vaughan executed a deed giving a newly erected house and its garden on the south side of Dartford High Street for the use of the poor in Dartford. [Landale (1829) pp. 63-66.] [Dunkin (1844) p.409.] [Keyes (1933) p.96, quoting from Chambres (1723) "An abstract of all the parish Writings from 1284 to 1723 according to the order of time in which they were made", unpublished (Charles Chambres was Vicar of Dartford until 1745); also p.92.] The original deed was still at the church in 1829 but had been lost by 1933. [Keyes (1933), p. 174, “Parochial Charities of Dartford” by R.W. Jackson.] This house was rebuilt in 1769; [Keyes (1938) p. 784.] the garden was sold in 1871 and the house sold in 1919 for £1450. [Keyes (1933) p.174.] At the time of this deed Vaughan was a yeoman of the chamber to the Queen. [Landale (1829) pp. 10 & 63] [Dunkin (1844) p.409.] [Keyes (1933) p.174.]

On 24 March 1576 Vaughan together with his son-in-law William Death and Edward Gwynn of London executed a deed conveying a house and garden on the High Street of Dartford to trustees, with the purpose of using the rent from the house to pay a master for the Grammar School. The original deed was lost between 1723 and 1829, [It was seen by Charles Chambres in 1723 when he collected the parish writings but was missing when Landale looked for it in 1829 (Landale, 1829, p.23).] [Hudson & Patterson (1997) p.1.] but its substance was re-iterated in a deed of 11 January 1660. [Landale (1829) p. 131. The property is described as “said tenement and premises were heretofore the inheritance of William Vaughan Esq, Edward Gwynn Esq and William Death gent…” and the purpose of the deed as “…towards the supporting and maintaining of one honest sufficient and learned man in grammar…for the teaching, instructing and eruditing the children of the town of Dartford aforesaid in the knowledge of grammar…”.] The 1576 deed is generally taken as the date of establishment of the Grammar School. Unlike deeds establishing other grammar schools at about this time, there was no provision for school premises. This appears to have been because a room above the Market House was used as a school room. [Hudson & Patterson (1997) p.4.]

Vaughan died in 1580 and was buried at Dartford on 8 May that year. [Dartford Parish registers, 1580 “Willm Vaughan one of the queenes yoman of the chamber buryed the 8 of Maye”.] His will included the following bequests:-

:"to the moste poorest people of Darteford aforeseyd clothe to the valewe of 40s to make theym cotes."

:"to the pore and needy people of Stone nere Dartford 13s 4d"

:"unto the poore people of Erythe 20s"

Apart from a substantial bequest of livestock to his granddaughter Johane Vaughan (daughter of his deceased son Charles) most of his assets passed to the family of his daughter, Elizabeth. A complicated arrangement compensates his second wife, Alice, for the sale of some land during their marriage that would otherwise have formed part of her dower. He mentions a sister who has not been identified “…my Syster Dethegye 40s, (yf she be lyvyng at the tyme of my decease) and to Wyllyam and Luce her chyldren to every of theym 20s. “ and his cousin “unto my cosyn James Vaughan of Swannescombe 40s.” There were small bequests to several friends, a servant and “my cosyn Thomas Edwardes my best saten doublet”. [Thomas Edwardes was also one of Queen Elizabeth's yeomen. Dartford Parish registers 1579-80 "Thomas Edwards one of the yoman of ye queenes chamber was buryed the 18 of January".]

The name of William Vaughan is still remembered in Dartford today in the name of one of the houses at the Grammar School.

Footnotes

References.

"Primary Sources"

Will of William Vaughan of Erith, dated 4th May 1580; proved at Rochester C.C. 1580; 16.87 .13

Will of Alice Vaughan of Erith, dated September 1580; Rochester C.C. 1581-2; 16.169

Will of Charles Vaughan of Dartford dated January 1570-1, proved at Rochester C.C. 1570-1; 14.6 9

Will of William Vaughan of Dartford dated 2nd of February 1606-7, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1607; Huddlestone15

Will of Thomas Wallis of Erith, dated 26th March 1561, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1561; Loftes 33

Will of Richard Lane of Erith, dated 17th February 1565, proved at P.C. of Canterbury 1567; Stonarde 12

Parish Registers of Dartford, available online at the Medway CityArk site [ http://cityark.medway.gov.uk ]

Erith Manor Court Rolls (1572) "An abstract of the Rentall there renewed the xviith daye of October in the xiiiith yere of the raign of our Soveraigne ladie Queene Elizabeth", single membrane held at Bexley Local Studies Library, Bexleyheath Kent. (Ref. no. to be added).

"Other References"

Dunkin, J.(1844) The History and Antiquities of Dartford with topographical notices of the neighbourhood, London, John Russell Smith. (Reprinted 1904 by J. & W. Davis, Dartford).

Hasted, E(1798) The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 2, (Reprinted 1972, Wakefield, EP Publishing Ltd/Kent County library).

Hudson, R.L. & Patterson, D. (1997) History - Dartford Grammar School, West Malling, County Print.

Keyes, S.K.(1933) Dartford, some historical notes, Dartford, author published.

Keyes, S.K.(1938) Dartford, further historical notes, Dartford, author published

Landale, J. (1829) A collection and abstract of all the material, deeds, wills, leases, and legal documents relating to the several donations and benefactions to the Church and poor of the Parish of Dartford in Kent and of the ‘Spittal Alms-houses etc., etc., London, John Hearne.

Page, W. (ed.) (1926) “Friaries: The Dominican nuns of Dartford”, The Victoria County History of Kent Vol. 2, London, Victoria County History.