- Tolox
Tolox is a village and municipality in the province of Málaga,
Andalusia , southernSpain . The municipality has a population of 2,317 (2006). It is situated in the centre of theSierra de las Nieves Nature Park, at the foot of Sierra Blanca and Sierra Parda. In addition toLa Torrecilla Peak (1,919 m.), there are ancient woodlands ofSpanish Fir andgall oak . The municipality covers 94 km², has a mean elevation of 285 m. and mean geographical coordinates of 36° 41' 11" N, 4° 54' 16" E.Village
The village of Tolox has winding streets, with white-washed houses and doors and window boxes overflowing with flowers in season.
History
While the area was inhabited in Paleolithic times, the village of Tolox bears a Phoenician name and a
Phoenicia n origin is confirmed by archaeological evidence. It was occupied by Rome and considerable rebuilding was done under Roman rule. Later it fell to the Visigoths and then to the Ummayad Arab invaders. Tolox was freed from Córdoba rule in883 byUmar ibn Hafsun , who developed it to one of his main bases in theSerranía de Ronda . It did not fall until921 when his son Süleyman surrendered it toAbd-ar-Rahman III .After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Tolox came under the Kingdom of
Granada and it was not turned over to Ferdinand and Isabella, "Los Reyes Católicos " ("The Catholic Kings") until1485 by Sancho de Angula. Tolox continued to have a large Moorish population and at Christmas1539 there was civil strife between the predominantly moorish peasants and the Christian landholders. Each year duringCarnival Tolox commemorates these events with the ""Dia de los polvos"", ("Day of the Powder"). In 1568-1571 Tolox took part in the Moorish rebellion. As a result, Tolox was almost entirely depopulated first by the war, and then any remaining moors were relocated in small groups to Valencia. Philip II then called for Christian settlers from Seville, Córdoba, and as far away as Galicia.In the War of Independence Tolox fought under the command of
Francisco Javier de Abadía (commander of the Campo de Gibraltar) against the invading Napoleonic troops. Later soldiers from Cártama and Tolox under the command of General Don Francisco Ballesteros conducted guerrilla warfare out of the mountains against the French.Attractions
Aside from the mountain vistas and hiking that Tolox offers, it has a famous spa "Fuente Amargosa", which is visited for respiratory and allergic afflictions.
References
* Wawn, Christopher; Wood, David (1999) "In Search of Andalucia: A Historical Geographic Observation of the Malaga Seaboard". Pentland Press: Durham, Edinburgh, Cambridge. ISBN 1-85821-690-7
* Ruiz, Virgilio (2000) "Vivencias de Tolox" Ayuntamiento de Tolox: Tolox.
* González, Diego Ceano (1993) "Tolox : un oasis en la sierra" Málaga : Mar y Luz.
* Jiménez, José Sánchez (1976) " Vida rural y mundo contemporáneo : análisis sociohistórico de un pueblo del sur" Barcelona : Planeta. ISBN 84-320-7816-6External links
* [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadistica/sima/htm/sm29090.htm Tolox statistics from the Multiterritorial Information System of Andalucía]
* [http://www.cajaespana.es/pubweb/decyle.nsf/0/4043dfbfdf673078c1256dc100542f4f/$FILE/29090.PDF Economic Study of Spain - Tolox]
* [http://www.tolox.es/ Official homepage of Tolox]
* [http://www.costadelsol.net/web/Sierranieves/Pag07_uk.htm Sierra de las Nieves - Tolox]
* http://www.inmotolox.com
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