Eastern Kingbird

Taxobox
name = Eastern Kingbird

---

image_width = 220px
image_caption = Adult
status = LC
status_system = iucn3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Tyrannidae
genus = "Tyrannus"
species = "T. tyrannus"
binomial = "Tyrannus tyrannus"
binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
range_

range_map_width = 220px
range_map_caption = Breeding (dark green) and wintering (dark grey) ranges

The Eastern Kingbird, "Tyrannus tyrannus", is a large Tyrant flycatcher.

Adults are grey-black on the upperparts with light underparts; they have a long black tail with a white end and long pointed wings. They have a red patch on their crown, seldom seen.

The call is a high-pitched unmusical chirp.

Their breeding habitat is open areas across North America. They make a sturdy cup nest in a tree or shrub, sometimes on top of a stump or pole. These birds aggressively defend their territory, even against much larger birds.cite web|url=http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Eastern_Kingbird.html |title=All About Birds: Eastern Kingbird |accessdate=2008-08-12 |work=All About Birds |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |date=2003 ]

These birds migrate in flocks to South America.

They wait on an open perch and fly out to catch insects in flight, sometimes hovering to pick food off vegetation. They also eat berries and fruit, mainly in their wintering areas. [E.g. of Gumbo-limbo, "Bursera simaruba" (Foster 2007).]

Some Eastern Kingbirds place their nests in the open while others hide nests very well. Eastern Kingbirds in Southern British Columbia can nest in open fields; in shrubs over open water; high in tall trees and even in the tops of small stumps. It has been shownFact|date=September 2007 that those pairs that hide their nests well tend to be less aggressive towards intruders near the nest (perhaps relying on nest cover), while pairs that nest in the open tend to be more overtly aggressive to intruders. Both male and female participate in nest defense, but females may stay on well-hidden nests longer than females with open nests who may leave nests earlier to chase away predators. Those pairs nesting in the open may be able to see predators coming earlier and rely on aggressive behavior to protect their young.

The aggressive behavior of Eastern Kingbirds has been shown Fact|date=September 2007 to keep ravens and crows from finding experimental nests placed near kingbird nests. Similar experimental nests placed far from the kingbird nests were found far more often by crows and ravens. They also remove cowbird eggs from their nests.

Footnotes

References

*|year=2004|id=50068|title=Tyrannus tyrannus|downloaded=12 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. "Bird Conservation International" 17(1): 45-61. doi|10.1017/S0959270906000554 [http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=936412 PDF fulltext]

External links

* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i4440id.html Eastern Kingbird - "Tyrannus tyrannus"] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Eastern_Kingbird.html Eastern Kingbird Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/eastern_kingbird_info.htm Eastern Kingbird Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding